Maqashid Asy-Syari’ah

Abstract

Maqashid ash-Shari'ah is one of the fundamental concepts in the study of Islamic law that explains the goals, intentions, and values contained in every provision of sharia. The presence of Islamic sharia is not only understood as a set of normative rules, but also as a legal system that aims to realize the welfare of humanity and prevent damage in life. This article aims to analyze the concept of Maqashid ash-Shari'ah, the basis of the thoughts of scholars, and its relevance in addressing various problems of modern life. This research uses a library study method with a descriptive-analytical approach through a review of classical and contemporary literary sources in the field of ushul fiqh. The results of the study show that Maqashid ash-Shari'ah developed through the thoughts of scholars such as al-Juwaini, al-Ghazali, and al-Syatibi, which then strengthened the position of maqashid as an important instrument in understanding and developing Islamic law. The main concept of Maqasid ash-Shari'ah encompasses five fundamental objectives (al-dharuriyyat al-khams): safeguarding religion (hifz ad-din), life (hifz an-nafs), intellect (hifz al-aql), progeny (hifz an-nasl), and property (hifz al-mal). The application of the maqasid approach allows Islamic law to remain relevant in the face of social, economic, and technological changes, as well as various contemporary issues, without abandoning the basic principles of sharia. Thus, Maqasid ash-Shari'ah serves as a strategic approach to developing Islamic law that is adaptive, just, and oriented toward the welfare of humanity.