Konseling Pastoral Kristen bagi Jemaat yang Mengalami Trauma akibat Penolakan Sosial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrafi.v3i1.9361Keywords:
Christian Pastoral Counseling, Church Community, Social Rejection, Theological Reconstruction, Trauma-Informed CareAbstract
This article constructs a Christian pastoral counseling framework for congregants who experience trauma caused by social rejection. Social rejection within family, peer, workplace, or church communities may wound identity, belonging, agency, and spiritual meaning; however, pastoral responses often remain either overly moralistic or merely consolatory. The objective of this study is to formulate a trauma-informed and theologically accountable model of pastoral counseling that can be used by local church ministers without replacing professional mental health care. This study uses a qualitative constructive literature review by synthesizing recent studies on trauma-informed care, social exclusion, religious coping, chaplaincy, and pastoral theology published before 2024. The analysis identifies five core findings: trauma from social rejection is primarily relational; pastoral care must begin with safety, consent, and validation; theological interpretation should resist victim-blaming; congregational belonging is part of recovery; and referral ethics are necessary when symptoms exceed pastoral competence. The proposed model integrates safe presence, narrative listening, theological reconstruction, communal restoration, and clinical referral. The implication is that churches need a pastoral counseling culture that protects wounded congregants from retraumatization while sustaining spiritual hope, relational repair, and responsible interdisciplinary collaboration.
Downloads
References
Alsubaie, M. K., Stain, H. J., Webster, L. A. D., & Wadman, R. (2021). Religious coping, perceived discrimination, and posttraumatic growth in Syrian refugees resettled in the UK. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 24(9), 976–992. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2021.1973978
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). American Psychiatric Association Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
Bargeman, M., Abelson, J., Mulvale, G., Niec, A., Theuer, A., & Moll, S. (2022). Understanding the conceptualization and operationalization of trauma-informed care within and across systems: A critical interpretive synthesis. The Milbank Quarterly, 100(3), 785–853. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12573
Bargeman, M., Smith, S., & Wekerle, C. (2021). Trauma-informed care as a rights-based standard of care: A critical review. Child Abuse & Neglect, 119, 104762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104762
Bar-Sella, A., Richter, T., Zilcha-Mano, S., & Okon-Singer, H. (2022). How social experiences affect interpretation bias among individuals with non-clinical depression: The role of ostracism. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 819143. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.819143
Bendall, S., Eastwood, O., Cox, G., Farrelly-Rosch, A., Nicoll, H., Peters, W., Bailey, A. P., McGorry, P. D., & Scanlan, F. (2021). A systematic review and synthesis of trauma-informed care within outpatient and counseling health settings for young people. Child Maltreatment, 26(3), 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559520927468
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE Publications.
Dubu, Y. D., Pandiangan, J. H., & Sutoto, P. (2021). Dari kehilangan ke pemulihan: Mengeksplorasi peran pastor dalam pemulihan pecandu narkoba fatherless. Matheo: Jurnal Teologi/Kependetaan, 11(1), 84–97. https://doi.org/10.47562/matheo.v11i1.365
Endress, T. (2021). The Reopen Churches conversation: Disabilities and the margins. Journal of Pastoral Theology, 31(2–3), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/10649867.2021.1922825
Han, H. R., Miller, H. N., Nkimbeng, M., Budhathoki, C., Mikhael, T., Rivers, E., Gray, J., Trimble, K., Chow, S., & Wilson, P. (2021). Trauma informed interventions: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 16(6), e0252747. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252747
Herman, J. L. (2015). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence - From domestic abuse to political terror. Basic Books.
Holton, M. J., & Snodgrass, J. L. (2023). A theoretical and theological reframing of trauma. Pastoral Psychology, 72(3), 337–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-023-01063-1
Huo, Y., Couzner, L., Windsor, T., Laver, K., Dissanayaka, N. N., & Cations, M. (2023). Barriers and enablers for the implementation of trauma-informed care in healthcare settings: A systematic review. Implementation Science Communications, 4, 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-023-00428-0
Hutagalung, E., Hapsari, A., & Rajagukguk, J. (2021). Fungsi dan tantangan pendampingan pastoral bagi pasien wanita penderita penyakit kanker di Yayasan CAC (Cancer Awareness Community) Surabaya. Diegesis: Jurnal Teologi, 6(2), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.46933/DGS.vol6i225-38
Jonathan, K., Muryati, & Susanto, G. H. (2021). Teologi ratapan dan pemulihan: Pendekatan teologis terhadap rasa duka dalam kehidupan Kristen. Matheo: Jurnal Teologi/Kependetaan, 11(2), 233–245. https://doi.org/10.47562/matheo.v11i2.409
Lakawa, S. E. (2021). Aftermath friendship: An Indonesian feminist theological perspective on trauma and interreligious peace. International Journal of Asian Christianity, 4(2), 236–247. https://doi.org/10.1163/25424246-04020006
Layson, M. D., Carey, L. B., & Best, M. C. (2023). The impact of faith-based pastoral care in decreasingly religious contexts: The Australian chaplaincy advantage in critical environments. Journal of Religion and Health, 62(3), 1491–1512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-023-01791-x
Lincoln, S. H., Johnson, T., Winters, A., & Laquidara, J. (2021). Social exclusion and rejection across the psychosis spectrum: A systematic review of empirical research. Schizophrenia Research, 228, 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.056
McClintock, K. A. (2022). Trauma-informed pastoral care: How to respond when things fall apart. Fortress Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1x67d28
Nikopaschos, F., Burrell, G., Clark, J., & Salgueiro, A. (2023). Trauma-informed care on mental health wards: The impact of Power Threat Meaning Framework team formulation and psychological stabilization on self-harm and restrictive interventions. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1145100. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1145100
Purba, H. H. (2023). Mengejar pemulihan: Sebuah upaya mencapai penyembuhan dalam keluarga Batak Kristen. Diegesis: Jurnal Teologi, 8(2), 207–225. https://doi.org/10.46933/DGS.vol8i2207-225
Ramachandran, S., & Spooner, S. (2020). Evil, violence, and trauma in pastoral theology. Pastoral Psychology, 69(5–6), 401–412.
Roggenbaum, L., Wang, D. C., Dryjanska, L., Holmes, E., Lewis, B. A., & Brown, E. M. (2023). Secondary traumatic stress, religious coping, and medical mistrust among African American clergy and religious leaders. Religions, 14(6), 793. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14060793
Ruffing, E. G., Bell, C. A., & Sandage, S. J. (2021). PTSD symptoms in religious leaders: Prevalence, stressors, and associations with narcissism. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 43(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0084672420926261
Sodak, Y. R., & Hardori, J. (2021). Dinamika psikologis luka batin dan sakit fisik pada perempuan: Studi multidimensi dalam konteks kekerasan domestik. Matheo: Jurnal Teologi/Kependetaan, 11(1), 29–50. https://doi.org/10.47562/matheo.v11i1.358
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2014). SAMHSA's concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-informed approach. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://store.samhsa.gov/product/samhsas-concept-trauma-and-guidance-trauma-informed-approach/sma14-4884
Trisna, R. P. (2020). Kaum marginal dalam Injil Lukas dan Kisah Para Rasul. Pneumata: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 2(2), 25–35. https://sttbi.ac.id/journal/index.php/pneumata/article/view/125
Tunks Leach, K., Simpson, P., Lewis, J., & Levett-Jones, T. (2022). The role and value of chaplains in the ambulance service: Paramedic perspectives. Journal of Religion and Health, 61(2), 929–947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01446-9
Volf, M. (1996). Exclusion and embrace: A theological exploration of identity, otherness, and reconciliation. Abingdon Press.
Wiryohadi, W., Sitompul, P., & Widiada, G. (2021). Model pendampingan pastoral bagi remaja yang mengalami broken home guna membangun citra dan konsep diri yang benar. Diegesis: Jurnal Teologi, 6(2), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.46933/DGS.vol6i255-71
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Gede Widiada, Dorselinda Evawani Wanggai, Anastasia Runesi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
_001.jpg)
