Pengaruh Aktivitas Fisik Teratur terhadap Sistem Imun dan Kesehatan Mental: Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/jig.v4i2.8802Keywords:
Exercise, Immune System, Mental Health, Physical Activity, Public HealthAbstract
Regular physical activity is known to play an important role in maintaining overall health, including improving immune system function and mental health. Lack of physical activity remains a public health issue, making it important to understand the impact of physical activity on the immune system and mental health. This study aimed to review the effect of regular physical activity on the immune system and mental health using a literature review method. The literature sources were obtained from publications within the last five years using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The articles were then screened and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in nine relevant articles for analysis. The selection results indicate that regular physical activity can increase the mobilization and activity of immune cells such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, and natural killer cells, and also modify the adaptive immune system through changes in T cells and B cells. In addition, physical activity also improves mental health through neurobiological mechanisms such as increased endorphin, dopamine, and serotonin levels, which can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as improve sleep quality and psychological well-being. Therefore, regular physical activity has a positive effect on the immune system and mental health and can be used as a promotive and preventive strategy to maintain overall health.
Downloads
References
Adammek, F., Walzik, D., Schenk, A., Esser, T., Trebing, S., Valder, S., Dreiskämper, D., Zimmer, P., & Joisten, N. (2026). Immune cell mobilization after exhaustive exercise and its association with subjective mental state in young healthy adults: A randomized cross-over study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107724
Atmaja, P. M. Y. R., Astra, I. K. B., & Suwiwa, I. G. (2021). Aktivitas fisik serta pola hidup sehat masyarakat sebagai upaya menjaga kesehatan pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan Undiksha, 9(2), 128–135. https://doi.org/10.23887/jiku.v9i2.31409
Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. (2025, October 27). Aktivitas fisik penduduk Indonesia. BKPK Kemenkes. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/aktifitas-fisik-penduduk-indonesia/
Balogh, L., Szabó, K., Pucsok, J. M., Jámbor, I., Gyetvai, Á., Mile, M., Barna, L., Szodoray, P., Tarr, T., Csiki, Z., & Papp, G. (2022). The effect of aerobic exercise and low-impact pilates workout on the adaptive immune system. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226814
Dasar, K., Mental, K., & Tripertiwi, A. M. (n.d.). Educazione: Jurnal Multidisiplin Lembaga Penelitian dan Publikasi Ilmiah (LPPI) Yayasan Almahmudi Bin Dahlan. https://j-educa.org/index.php/educazione
Filippou, K., Knappe, F., Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Morres, I. D., Tzormpatzakis, E., Proskinitopoulos, T., Meier, M., Seelig, H., Ludyga, S., Pühse, U., von Känel, R., Theodorakis, Y., & Gerber, M. (2025). Effects of an exercise and sport intervention on symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health indices among asylum seekers in a camp: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2025.100676
Hu, M., Chen, X., Nie, J., Shi, Q., & Kong, Z. (2025). Real-world efficacy of equipment-free reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training in improving physical and mental health in inactive males: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 23(4), 273–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.006
Janeway, C. A., Jr., Travers, P., Walport, M., et al. (2001). Immunobiology: The immune system in health and disease (5th ed.). Garland Science. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10769/
Kamaruddin, I., Husni, M., Annisa, F., Andika, A., Judijanto, L., Asman, A., Supriyanto, Dewi, M. S. A., Manap, A., Prastawa, S., Shufa, N. K. F., Adji, T. P., Weraman, P., Hita, I. P. A. D., Ariestika, E., & Nizeyumukiza, E. (2024). Sport and mental health among Indonesian adults: Evidence from Indonesia Family Life Survey. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 12(5), 813–822. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2024.120506
Maulana, R., Rochmania, A., & Pendidikan, J. (n.d.). Hubungan intensitas latihan dengan imunitas.
Rahimi, S., Sayevand, Z., Rezaie Kahkhaie, L., Ahmadi, T., & Alifarsangi, A. (2025). Exercise and immune system: A comprehensive review in the era of coronavirus. Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, 24(4), 428–440. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v24i4.19124
Rihacek, M., Wagnerova, A., Halamkova, J., Pehalova, L., Rihackova, E., Boucek, L., Kapounková, K., Hrnčiříková, I., & Kiss, I. (2024). The impact of supervised and home exercise activity intervention on circulating immune cell numbers in cancer patients. Heliyon, 10(20). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39320
Sastrawati, D. K., Partiwi, P. H., Ridwanti, L. P. P. W., Haris, A., Astawa, I. K., Susila, I. P. W. A., & Indrayani, N. L. D. (2025). Studi literatur pengaruh aktivitas fisik terhadap osteoarthritis lutut lansia. Ranah Research: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 7(2), 1250–1263. https://doi.org/10.38035/rrj.v7i2.1350
Shayea, A. M. F., Alotaibi, N. M., Nadar, M. S., Alshemali, K., & Alhadlaq, H. W. (2022). Effect of physical activity and exercise on the level of COVID-19 antibodies and lifestyle-related factors among vaccinated health science center (HSC) students: A pilot randomized trial. Vaccines, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122171
Shi, X., Hu, L., Nieman, D. C., Li, F., Chen, P., Shi, H., & Shi, Y. (2025). Exercise workload: A key determinant of immune health—A narrative review. Frontiers in Immunology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1617261
Sundari, L. P. R., & Arsani, N. L. K. A. (2022). Regular physical exercise increase of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) activity in elderly improve the aging process and quality of life: A mini review. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 15(2), 883–890. https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2422
Suyasmi, N. M., Citrawathi, D. M., & Sutajaya, I. M. (2018). Hubungan pola makan, aktivitas fisik, pengetahuan gizi dengan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) siswa kelas XI MIPA SMA Negeri 4 Singaraja. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Undiksha, 5(3), 156–165.
Tripertiwi, A. M. (2023). Konsep dasar kesehatan mental (pengertian, prinsip-prinsip, fungsi mental hygiene). Educazione: Jurnal Multidisiplin, 1(1), 92–101.
Ubink, A., ten Tusscher, M. R., van der Vliet, H. J., Douma, J. A. J., de Gruijl, T. D., Bontkes, H., Bonnet, P., van Ens, D., Hobo, W., Dolstra, H., Barbé, E., van der Velde, S., Menke-van der Houven van Oordt, C. W., Havenith, S. H. C., Conijn-Mensink, A., van Zweeden, A. A., Westdorp, H., Jacobs, J. F. M., & Buffart, L. M. (2025). Exploring the effects of exercise on immune cell function and tumour infiltration in patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A feasibility trial. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - Health, 46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101021
Ulfah, M. (2025). Sleep difficulties as a reflection of cumulative stress: A critical analysis of the allostatic load concept. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 112426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2025.112426
Wang, H., Ding, Y., Dai, Y., Fan, Z., Wen, S., Wang, X., Yuan, J., Wu, Y., & Yu, L. (2025). Associations of physical activity and sleep with mental health during and post-COVID-19 pandemic in Chinese college students: A longitudinal cohort study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152591
Wang, J., Zhao, W., Ding, J., & Li, Y. (2025). The effect of physical activity on anti-infection immunity: A review. Health Information Science and Systems, 13(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13755-025-00360-8
Windarwati, H. D., Lestari, R., Wicaksono, S. A., Kusumawati, M. W., Ati, N. A. L., Ilmy, S. K., Sulaksono, A. D., & Susanti, D. (2022). Relationship between stress, anxiety, and depression with suicidal ideation in adolescents. Jurnal Ners, 17(1), 36–41. https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v17i1.31216
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan dan Gizi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
