Bidang kajian dalam jurnal ini termasuk sub rumpun Ilmu Kedokteran Spesialis, Ilmu Kedokteran Akademik, Spesialis Kedokteran gigi dan mulut, Kedokteran Gigi Akademik. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Kedokteran menerima artikel dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia dan diterbitkan 3 kali setahun: April, Agustus, dan Desember. E-ISSN : 2828-9358 (Online), P-ISSN : 2828-934X (Cetak). Jurnal ini terakreditasi SINTA 5 (Surat Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Riset, dan Teknologi Nomor 10/C/C3/DT.05.00/2025 tanggal 21 Maret 2025 tentang Peringkat Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah Periode I Tahun 2025) dimulai dari Volume 1 Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 sampai Volume 6 Nomor 1 Tahun 2027.
Literatur Review Meta Analitik Hubungan Lama Duduk dengan Low Back Pain (LBP)
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints globally and is the main cause of decreased work productivity. One of the risk factors that has been widely studied in the literature is prolonged sitting duration. Prolonged sitting activities cause increased static pressure on the lumbar spine, fatigue of the supporting muscles, as well as a decrease in local blood flow that can trigger chronic pain. This study is a literature review with a meta-analytical approach that aims to analyze the relationship between long-term sitting and the incidence of LBP. The review process was carried out following PRISMA guidelines through searches on PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases for publication in 2020–2025. Of the 20 previous studies analyzed, most showed a positive association between sitting time and an increased risk of LBP, both in adults, adolescents, and children. Sitting for more than 6 hours per day increases the risk of LBP by 33%, especially in individuals with low physical activity. In addition, longer sitting durations with poor posture and minimal active rest were found in the group of office workers and professional drivers who had a high prevalence of LBP. Physical activity has been shown to play a protective role against the risk of LBP, while ergonomic interventions such as lumbar support can reduce pain complaints. Although most studies were observational, the consistency of results supports the importance of prevention through reduced sitting time, increased physical activity, and ergonomic work environment settings. These findings provide a scientific basis for multidimensional interventions to effectively reduce the incidence of LBP.
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Pengaruh Paparan Kebisingan di Tempat Kerja terhadap Risiko Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): Suatu Tinjauan Naratif
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo, characterized by brief episodes of vertigo due to otoconia displacement. Although most previous studies have focused on intrinsic factors such as age, gender, osteoporosis, and metabolic disorders, evidence regarding the role of environmental factors, particularly occupational noise exposure, is limited. Chronic noise has the potential to affect vestibular function through both sensory and vascular mechanisms. This study aims to narratively review the effect of occupational noise exposure on the risk of BPPV by integrating clinical, epidemiological, and experimental findings. The method used is a literature-based narrative review of the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases without year restrictions, using the keywords "BPPV", "occupational noise exposure", "vestibular dysfunction", "VEMP", and "otoconia displacement". The search results obtained 25 relevant articles linking BPPV to otolith, hormonal, vascular, lifestyle factors, and occupational noise exposure. The results indicate that chronic noise can cause sensory damage (otoconia and vestibular hair cells), vascular disorders (hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, and inner ear microvascular circulation disorders), and exacerbate lifestyle comorbidities (sedentary lifestyle, osteoporosis, hypertension, diabetes). The discussion confirms that these multifactorial mechanisms explain the susceptibility of industrial workers to BPPV despite normal hearing function. The conclusion of this study is that workplace noise exposure has been shown to play a significant role as a risk factor for BPPV, therefore, prevention strategies, vestibular health monitoring, and healthy lifestyle interventions need to be optimized in occupational health programs.
Peran Kontrol Tekanan Darah dalam Pencegahan Komplikasi Okular pada Pasien Hipertensi
Hypertension is one of the main risk factors that can cause damage to target organs, including the eyes. One of the complications that often occur in hypertensive patients is hypertensive retinopathy, which is damage to retinal blood vessels due to a persistent increase in blood pressure. This damage can be progressive and asymptomatic in the early stages, so it often goes undetected until severe visual disturbances appear. This study aims to identify and analyze the role of blood pressure control in the prevention of ocular complications in hypertensive patients through a literature review. The method used is literature review by selecting national and international research articles published in 2021–2025 from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. Inclusion criteria include full-text articles, relevant research designs, and discussing the relationship between blood pressure control and ocular complications. The results of the study showed that uncontrolled blood pressure increased the risk of retinal damage, decreased ocular perfusion, and microvascular changes detected through funduscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) examinations. Some studies have concluded that stable blood pressure control, not just the average value of blood pressure, has a significant effect in preventing the progression of hypertensive retinopathy. In addition, regular eye exams have been proven to be able to detect retinal changes early, so that preventive interventions can be carried out in a timely manner. Thus, optimal blood pressure control, therapy adherence, healthy lifestyle education, and regular retinal examinations are effective strategies in preventing ocular complications and maintaining vision quality in hypertensive patients.
Akupresur Sebagai Terapi Komplementer dalam Mengurangi Kecemasan pada Penderita Penyakit Tidak Menular: Narrative Review
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic health conditions that affect not only physical but also psychological well-being, including increased anxiety. Untreated anxiety can reduce quality of life and treatment adherence. Acupressure, as a form of complementary therapy, offers a safe and non-invasive approach to managing anxiety. This narrative review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of acupressure in reducing anxiety among patients with NCDs. Articles were searched using Google Scholar with keywords such as "acupressure", "anxiety", and various chronic diseases. Six studies with experimental and quasi-experimental designs were selected based on inclusion criteria, involving patients with cancer, chronic kidney disease, and osteoarthritis. The findings consistently demonstrated that acupressure reduced anxiety levels, whether performed by a therapist or self-administered, with commonly used points including ST36, LI4, and PC6. This review concludes that acupressure is an effective complementary therapy that can be incorporated into holistic care strategies for anxiety management in patients with NCDs.
Efek Latihan Core Stability terhadap Peningkatan Keseimbangan pada Anak Down Syndrome: Narrative Review
Down Syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder characterized by trisomy of chromosome 21 and is inherently associated with clinical manifestations such as hypotonia, joint laxity, and neuromuscular deficits, all of which collectively contribute to impaired postural control and balance. These balance impairments significantly affect the attainment of motor milestones, performance of daily activities, and increase the risk of falls. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of core stability training in improving balance among children with DS. A narrative review approach was employed by conducting a literature search across electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. Inclusion criteria consisted of primary studies (RCTs, quasi-experimental designs) published within the last ten years (2015–2025) that examined core stability interventions targeting balance or postural control in children with DS. A review of 10 relevant studies demonstrated that core stability training, either as a standalone intervention or combined with other modalities (e.g., treadmill training or balance training), resulted in significant improvements in both static and dynamic balance. These improvements are facilitated through the strengthening of deep trunk muscles (such as the multifidus, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis), which play a crucial role in proximal stabilization and force transfer to the extremities. In conclusion, core stability training is an effective and recommended intervention modality within physiotherapy rehabilitation programs to enhance the quality of life and motor independence of children with Down Syndrome.
Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dan Pemanfaatan Herbal Medicine sebagai Upaya Preventif dengan Kepatuhan Pengobatan TB paru di Puskesmas Rawat Inap Sidomulyo
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in Indonesia. Despite the implementation of national TB control programs through the Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS) strategy, treatment success continues to face significant challenges, particularly related to patient adherence to anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) therapy. Non-adherence to TB treatment can lead to treatment failure, disease relapse, and the development of drug-resistant tuberculosis, thereby increasing the overall burden of the disease.Treatment adherence in TB patients is influenced not only by medical factors but also by social and behavioral determinants. Family support plays a crucial role in encouraging patients to comply with treatment regimens by providing motivation, reminding medication schedules, and offering emotional support throughout the long duration of therapy. Patients who receive adequate family support tend to demonstrate higher levels of treatment adherence compared to those with limited support.In addition, the use of herbal medicine as a preventive and supportive health measure is common among the Indonesian population. Herbal medicine is often utilized to enhance immune function, reduce medication side effects, and improve patient comfort during TB treatment. However, the use of herbal remedies without proper medical guidance may lead to misconceptions regarding standard TB therapy.Therefore, it is important to examine the relationship between family support and the use of herbal medicine as preventive measures with treatment adherence among pulmonary TB patients in primary healthcare settings. Such evidence is expected to support a comprehensive family medicine approach and strengthen TB control programs in primary care services.
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Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap terhadap Infeksi Menular Seksual pada Siswa-Siswi di Mas Darul Mursyid
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a reproductive health problem that is still common among adolescents and can have serious impacts if not handled properly. Low levels of knowledge and unfavorable attitudes towards STIs have the potential to increase risky behavior among students. Objectives. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of students towards sexually transmitted infections at MAS Darul Mursyid. Methods. This study employed a cross-sectional methodology and a quantitative descriptive design. All MAS Darul Mursyid students were included in the study population, and a total sampling procedure was used to pick 149 respondents. A questionnaire with 20 statements about knowledge and 10 statements about attitudes around STIs was used to collect data. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data univariately, and the results were displayed as percentages and frequency distributions. Results and Discussion. According to the findings, 78 respondents (52.3%) had an adequate level of understanding, followed by 63 respondents (42.3%) in the poor category and 8 respondents (5.4%) in the good category. In the meanwhile, most students had a favorable opinion of STI prevention. Conclusion: Even though the majority of respondents expressed support for STI prevention initiatives, additional health education and instruction are still required to give students a more thorough grasp of STI prevention.
Uji Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Talas (Colocasia esculenta) Terhadap Mencit Putih Jantan (Mus musculus)
Inflammation is a physiological response to tissue injury, infection, or harmful stimuli, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. However, excessive or chronic inflammation may lead to tissue damage and degenerative diseases. Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects, highlighting the need for safer natural alternatives. Taro leaves (Colocasia esculenta) are traditionally used to treat swelling and wounds and contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids with potential anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of taro leaves and determine the most effective dose. An experimental study was conducted using male white mice (Mus musculus) divided into five groups: negative control (Na-CMC), positive control (sodium diclofenac), and three treatment groups receiving extract doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg BW. Inflammation was induced by 1% carrageenan injection. The extract significantly reduced inflammation, with the highest inhibition (84.13%) observed at 75 mg/kg BW, comparable to diclofenac.
Chimney Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (Tevar) in Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection Patient: First Time Procedure in Manado
Aortic dissection is a cardiovascular emergency characterized by a tear in the aortic intima layer and the formation of a false lumen, posing risks of fatal complications such as rupture and organ malperfusion. Stanford type B dissections may be managed conservatively; however, complicated cases require intervention. Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) has emerged as the preferred modality, offering lower perioperative morbidity and mortality compared to open surgery. To report the first TEVAR procedure performed in Manado on a patient with Stanford type B aortic dissection, highlighting the technical approach, operative challenges, and clinical outcomes. A 62-year-old male with a history of hypertension and chronic chest pain was referred following a CT angiography that revealed a Stanford type B aortic dissection with an entry site in the proximal descending aorta. TEVAR was performed with stent-graft placement in zone 2 and a chimney graft to preserve perfusion of the left subclavian artery (LSA). Intraoperative aortography confirmed false lumen exclusion without endoleak. The patient showed significant clinical improvement and recovered without postoperative complications. The procedure was technically and clinically successful, with no major complications. Postoperative evaluation confirmed stable stent position and maintained LSA perfusion. This case demonstrates that TEVAR can be safely implemented in non-tertiary regional hospitals with thorough preparation. The first TEVAR procedure in Manado illustrates that this technique can be an effective solution for complicated type B aortic dissections. This experience marks a milestone in the development of endovascular services in resource-limited settings and may serve as a reference for similar institutions in Indonesia.
Perbedaan Komposisi Tubuh Wanita di 3 Wilayah (Baduy Luar, Salatiga, dan Kota Bambu)
This study aimed to analyze differences in body composition among adult women across three regions with distinct sociocultural and environmental characteristics: Baduy Luar (rural–traditional), Salatiga (semi-urban), and Kota Bambu (urban). Using a cross-sectional design, the study involved 268 participants and assessed total body fat, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, and skeletal muscle mass using the OMRON HBF-370 analyzer. Significant differences were observed across most body composition parameters (p < 0.001). Women living in the urban area exhibited the highest levels of total fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat, reflecting the influence of urbanization and sedentary lifestyle on adiposity. Conversely, women in the rural–traditional community demonstrated the highest skeletal muscle mass across all body regions, consistent with their physically demanding daily activities and traditional dietary patterns. These findings highlight the substantial role of environmental context in shaping metabolic health and cardiometabolic risk. Targeted public-health interventions—such as structured physical-activity promotion and nutrition education in urban populations, and preservation of active lifestyles in rural communities—are recommended. Longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify causal pathways and further characterize metabolic determinants.
Korelasi Pemeriksaan Antropometri Dasar dengan Tekanan Darah, Gangguan Metabolik, dan Fungsi Ginjal
The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease underscores the need for simple, low-cost, and community-applicable screening indicators. This study aimed to evaluate the association between basic anthropometric parameters and blood pressure, metabolic indicators, and renal function among adults in the Badui Luar community. A cross-sectional design was employed involving 41 participants who underwent anthropometric assessment, biochemical measurements, and blood pressure evaluation. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine linear associations between variables. The results demonstrated that neck circumference exhibited significant correlations with dyslipidemia components, including LDL (r = 0.377), TC/HDL ratio (r = 0.516), and HDL (r = –0.433), indicating cervical adiposity as a strong marker of atherogenic risk. Calf circumference showed protective correlations with fasting glucose (r = –0.352) and eGFR (r = 0.322), suggesting the metabolic relevance of peripheral muscle mass in glycemic regulation and renal status. Body mass index showed a weak correlation with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.149), whereas waist and hip circumferences exhibited mild, clinically insignificant correlations with triglycerides and total cholesterol. Overall, these findings highlight that simple anthropometric measures—particularly neck and calf circumference—may serve as early indicators of cardiometabolic and renal risk in community-based screening. Further longitudinal studies with larger and more heterogeneous populations are required to validate these associations and determine the predictive power of anthropometric indicators.
Korelasi Pola Makan dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Derajat Dismenore Primer pada Remaja Putri
Adolescent girls represent a population that commonly experiences primary dysmenorrhea. Inadequate dietary habits may contribute to inflammatory responses, while low levels of physical activity can reduce the body’s natural pain regulation, both of which may intensify menstrual pain. This study aimed to analyze the association between dietary habits and physical activity with the severity of primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. A quantitative correlational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. Participants were selected using proportional random sampling, involving 71 eleventh-grade students at SMAN 6 Malang. Dietary intake was assessed using a FFQ, physical activity levels were measured through the PAL indicator, and dysmenorrhea severity was evaluated using the WaLIDD score. The results showed that nearly half of the respondents had adequate dietary habits (49.3%) and moderate physical activity levels (47.9%), while most participants experienced moderate primary dysmenorrhea (53.5%). Statistical analysis using Somers’ d and Gamma tests yielded p-values of 0.039 and <0.001, indicating significant associations between dietary habits, physical activity, and dysmenorrhea severity. Correlation analysis demonstrated a moderate inverse relationship between dietary habits and dysmenorrhea severity (r = −0.301) and a strong association between physical activity and dysmenorrhea severity (r = 0.690).
Gambaran Kesiapan Mahasiswa Profesi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Ciputra dalam Penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field has become an important part of the learning process and health services. Preparing medical students as future healthcare professionals to understand, use, and implement AI responsibly is a crucial aspect. This level of readiness can vary depending on their knowledge, abilities, perceptions, and ethics in using AI. This study aims to determine the readiness of young medical students in the Surabaya area in using artificial intelligence based on these four domains, and to compare scores between first-year professional students and undergraduate students. This study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The instrument used was the Medical Artificial Intelligence Scale for Medical Students questionnaire, which consists of four domains: knowledge, abilities, perceptions, and ethics. The study sample was first-year and second-year professional students of the Faculty of Medicine, Ciputra University. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics including mean values, standard deviations, and frequency distributions for each domain. The results showed that the total readiness scores for DM1 (89.95 ± 11.84) and DM2 (88.38 ± 8.85) showed a positive picture, with minimal mean differences. The knowledge and skills domain showed almost uniform values ​​between the two groups, while the ethics domain had the highest stability with a very small mean difference. These findings indicate that the readiness of professional students at the Faculty of Medicine, Ciputra University, towards the use of AI shows a positive and relatively even picture at all levels.
Spektrum Sindrom Stevens–Johnson dan Nekrolisis Epidermal Toksik: Tinjauan Patogenesis, Diagnosis, dan Tatalaksana
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare, life-threatening mucocutaneous reactions characterized by extensive epidermal necrolysis and mucosal involvement. The entities represent a clinical continuum distinguished by the extent of epidermal detachment (SJS <10% body surface area [BSA], SJS/TEN overlap 10–30%, TEN >30%). Most cases are drug-induced, making early culprit-drug withdrawal and structured supportive care the cornerstones of management. Immunopathogenesis is primarily mediated by drug-specific cytotoxic T cells and NK cells through granulysin, Fas–Fas ligand, and perforin/granzyme pathways, with emerging roles of necroptosis and candidate biomarkers such as RIP3 and galectin-7. Diagnosis relies on timely recognition of the characteristic painful erythematous/targetoid lesions, Nikolsky/Asboe–Hansen signs, multi-site mucositis, accurate BSA assessment, and early severity scoring (e.g., SCORTEN) to guide referral and monitoring. Systemic immunomodulators (corticosteroids, cyclosporine, IVIg, anti-TNF agents) have variable evidence; thus, individualized selection and early multidisciplinary care particularly ophthalmologic involvement are essential to reduce acute mortality and long-term sequelae.
Perbandingan Ceftriaxone dan Ciprofloxacin dalam Tata Laksana Infeksi Saluran Kemih: Tinjauan Pustaka
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection that requires appropriate antibiotic management to prevent complications and antimicrobial resistance. Ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin are commonly used antibiotics with different clinical indications in UTI treatment. This literature review aims to compare the role of ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin in the management of urinary tract infections. A narrative literature review was conducted using articles published within the last ten years from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The review focuses on clinical effectiveness, resistance patterns, and therapeutic considerations. The findings indicate that ceftriaxone is primarily used in moderate to severe or complicated UTIs, particularly in hospitalized patients, whereas ciprofloxacin is more frequently used in uncomplicated UTIs in outpatient settings. However, increasing bacterial resistance and safety concerns limit the empirical use of ciprofloxacin. These findings emphasize the importance of rational antibiotic selection based on clinical conditions and local resistance patterns.
Dampak Pencemaran terhadap Kualitas Air DAS Ciliwung Berdasarkan Data ONLIMO
The Ciliwung River Basin is a strategic watershed with significant ecological, social, and economic functions, yet it is increasingly threatened by land use change, rapid urbanization, and water pollution, particularly in the Jakarta metropolitan area. This study aims to assess the water quality condition of the Ciliwung River based on real time monitoring data from the ONLIMO system and to examine spatial and temporal variations in water quality status along the middle and downstream segments. A descriptive quantitative approach was applied using secondary data obtained from three ONLIMO monitoring stations, namely Masjid Istiqlal, Pintu Air Manggarai, and Kelapa Dua Srengseng Sawah, during the period of 6–12 May 2025. The analyzed parameters included temperature, dissolved oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, nitrate, ammonia, and other relevant physicochemical indicators. The results indicate that the water quality of the Ciliwung River generally falls within lightly to moderately polluted categories, with higher pollution levels observed in the middle segment of the river. Critical parameters influencing pollution status include Biochemical Oxygen Demand, nitrate, ammonia, and consistently low dissolved oxygen levels. These findings demonstrate that pollution in the Ciliwung River is persistent and cumulative, highlighting the urgency of integrated watershed management, strengthening real time water quality monitoring, and enhancing cross sector collaboration to support effective pollution control and sustainable river restoration.
Analisis Hubungan Gula Darah Puasa dengan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi dengan Komorbid Diabetes Mellitus
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are two highly prevalent non-communicable diseases that often coexist as comorbidities, significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications. The coexistence of these conditions accelerates the onset of atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, and kidney failure, thereby requiring more comprehensive clinical management. One of the key parameters in diabetes management is fasting blood glucose (FBG), which reflects the balance of glucose metabolism after a fasting period. Chronic hyperglycemia is known to contribute to endothelial dysfunction, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and activation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, ultimately leading to elevated blood pressure. This study employed a systematic literature review approach, analyzing articles published between 2021 and 2025. Narrative synthesis was conducted across various study designs, including cross-sectional, cohort, and meta-analysis studies. The findings indicate that most studies support a significant association between FBG levels and blood pressure, although some reported varying results. Cohort studies provide stronger evidence that elevated FBG increases the risk of new-onset hypertension. Age, treatment adherence, and lifestyle factors were also identified as confounding variables influencing outcomes. Overall, the evidence highlights that glycemic control through FBG monitoring is essential in managing hypertension among diabetic patients. Multidisciplinary strategies, patient education, and strengthening of primary healthcare services are required to reduce cardiovascular risks. Longitudinal studies are recommended to deepen the understanding of the relationship between FBG and blood pressure and to reinforce the scientific basis for evidence-based clinical interventions.
Integrasi Presisi Profil Molekuler Radiologis dan Klinis dalam Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Congenital Megacalyces
Congenital Megacalyces is a rare anomaly of the renal pelvis-calyceal system characterized by non-obstructive calyx dilatation due to renal medulla hypoplasia. This condition is often misinterpreted as hydronephrosis, leading to unnecessary surgical interventions. Advances in genomic technology and precision imaging have opened up opportunities to understand the molecular basis and anatomical structure of this anomaly more deeply. A literature review was conducted through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, covering publications that discuss the relationship between genomics, imaging, and clinical management of congenital kidney abnormalities. The integration of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), 3D MRI reconstruction imaging, and AI-based radiomics analysis has proven to enhance diagnostic accuracy, differentiate between obstructive and non-obstructive abnormalities, and assist in determining appropriate conservative therapies. Case studies demonstrate the association between SETBP1 mutations and the development of bilateral megacalyces, as well as the effectiveness of long-term monitoring based on multimodal data. The integration of genetic, imaging, and clinical data is a strategic step toward precision medicine in the management of Congenital Megacalyces. This approach improves diagnostic accuracy, reduces unnecessary invasive interventions, and supports individualized therapy based on genetic and anatomical risk factors.
Penggunaan Metilprednisolon Sebagai Terapi Sindrom Nefrotik dengan Efusi Pleura pada Anak 16 tahun
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kidney disorder characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hypercholesterolemia, most commonly occurring in children. This disease can be caused by various conditions, such as minimal change disease, FSGS, or lupus nephritis. This case report discusses a 16-year-old boy who experienced nephrotic syndrome with symptoms of swelling throughout his body, accompanied by decreased appetite and a productive cough. The patient presented with complaints of swelling throughout his body that began 7 days after hospitalization and was accompanied by coughing and shortness of breath. A physical examination revealed massive edema, abdominal hypertympany, and shifting dullness. Laboratory tests revealed proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and decreased serum albumin. Other supporting tests confirmed nephrotic syndrome. The patient received medication therapy including diuretics, corticosteroids in the form of methylprednisolone, and albumin. Nephrotic syndrome in children can develop gradually and requires management that includes steroids, diuretics, and close monitoring of kidney function and electrolytes. Early detection and appropriate treatment can help improve the patient's prognosis.
Gambaran Dukungan Caregiver terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Skizofrenia di Puskesmas Denpasar Selatan
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that requires long-term medication adherence to prevent relapse and improve patients’ quality of life. Caregivers play a crucial role in encouraging medication adherence through emotional, informational, instrumental, and supervisory support. This descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design aimed to describe caregiver support and medication adherence among schizophrenia patients at the South Denpasar Public Health Center. A total of 100 respondents, who were family members or caregivers of schizophrenia patients, were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected through structured interviews using questionnaires and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that most caregivers provided good support (63%), particularly in accompanying patients during medication intake, actively interacting with them, and following health workers’ recommendations. Furthermore, patients’ medication adherence was mostly in the moderate (45%) and good (35%) categories. These findings indicate that caregiver support plays a significant role in improving medication adherence among schizophrenia patients. Strengthening caregiver knowledge and optimizing health education by healthcare workers are essential to further enhance adherence.
Laporan Kasus: Hemangioma Lingual pada Bayi Baru Lahir
Hemangioma is the most common benign vascular tumor in infancy and is generally characterized by a proliferative phase followed by spontaneous involution. Although most cases resolve without intervention, treatment is required when hemangiomas cause functional impairment, ulceration, or life-threatening complications. Lingual hemangioma is a rare presentation and may result in significant feeding difficulties and airway compromise, requiring prompt and multidisciplinary management. This study aims to report the comprehensive management of a refractory lingual hemangioma in an infant, emphasizing diagnostic evaluation, therapeutic strategy, and nutritional support. A six-month-old female infant presented with a lingual hemangioma associated with progressive feeding difficulties. Prior to initiating therapy, a thorough diagnostic workup was performed, including echocardiography to assess cardiac function, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate lesion extent, and computed tomography angiography (CT-angiography) to delineate vascular anatomy. The patient initially received oral propranolol as first-line therapy; however, due to an inadequate response, combination chemotherapy with Bleomycin–Vincristine (BV) was initiated. To minimize the risk of toxicity, a 50% dose reduction was applied. Clinical evaluation demonstrated a favorable therapeutic response, with a reduction in lesion size and improvement in feeding ability after 10 weeks of treatment. No severe adverse effects were observed during the treatment period. To ensure adequate nutritional intake and support growth, enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube (NGT) was provided throughout the course of therapy. This case highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnostic assessment, individualized treatment planning, and close monitoring in refractory hemangioma. In addition, optimal nutritional support plays a crucial role in overall patient outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for the successful management of complex infantile hemangiomas with functional complications.
Peran Secretome dalam Terapi Osteoartritis
Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage damage, chronic inflammation, and functional limitation. Current treatments mainly focus on symptom relief and mechanical correction, with limited ability to restore the biological environment of the joint. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell derived secretome has emerged as a promising cell free regenerative therapy with anti-inflammatory and tissue-repair potential. This study aimed to systematically review the role of mesenchymal stem cell secretome in osteoarthritis management, both as an intra-articular therapy and as an adjuvant following surgical intervention. A literature review was conducted on relevant preclinical and early clinical studies published over the past decade. The selected articles were analyzed to evaluate therapeutic mechanisms and clinical implications. The findings indicate that intra articular administration of secretome reduces inflammatory mediators, suppresses catabolic enzyme activity, and improves cartilage integrity in various osteoarthritis models. Early clinical evidence also suggests improvements in pain and joint function, especially in patients with mild to moderate disease. Furthermore, secretome shows potential as an adjuvant therapy after surgery by supporting biological recovery of joint tissues. Overall, mesenchymal stem cell secretome represents a promising component of a multimodal strategy for osteoarthritis management, although further clinical trials are required to confirm its efficacy and safety.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu dan Dukungan Suami terhadap Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar pada Balita di Kelurahan Maharani
The coverage of Complete Basic Immunization (Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap or IDL) in Maharani Village remains low at 38.8%, falling short of the national target of 95%. This condition increases the health risk of toddlers contracting Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (PD3I). This study aimed to determine the relationship between mothers' knowledge and husbands' support regarding the completeness of basic immunization for toddlers in Maharani Village, within the working area of Rumbai Bukit Public Health Center. This research employed a quantitative analytic method with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study comprised all mothers with toddlers in the area, with a sample of 73 respondents selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using validated questionnaires and observation of Maternal and Child Health (KIA) books, followed by univariate and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square statistical test. The results indicated that the majority of toddlers had incomplete immunization status (61.6%), mothers had a low level of knowledge (61.6%), and respondents did not receive support from their husbands (58.9%). Statistical test results confirmed a very significant relationship between mothers' knowledge (p-value = 0.000) and husbands' support (p-value = 0.000) with the completeness of basic immunization. The conclusion confirms that knowledge and husband's support are the main determinant factors. It is suggested that Rumbai Bukit Public Health Center implement a more inclusive health promotion strategy by involving the active role of husbands in monitoring child health.
Prototipe SIMHEC sebagai Media Simulasi Penjahitan Luka pada Mahasiswa
Learning wound suturing abilities is a key asset for healthcare students, particularly midwifery and nursing students. However, inadequate simulation media sometimes inhibits the practical learning process. This study intends to investigate the usefulness of the SIMHEC prototype as a wound suturing simulation medium in boosting student knowledge. The research approach employed was a pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study involved 30 healthcare students as respondents. The research instrument was a 10-item multiple-choice questionnaire administered before (pretest) and after (posttest) use of the SIMHEC prototype. The results showed a rise in the average score, from 85 in the pretest to 100 in the posttest. This implies that employing the SIMHEC prototype as a wound suturing simulation medium can assist increase students' understanding and skills in the learning process. Therefore, the SIMHEC prototype is considered effective and can be used as an alternate learning medium for midwifery and nursing students.
Analisis Timbal (Pb) dan Cadmium (Cd) pada Jamu Tradisional Produk Teregistrasi BPOM dan Non Teregistrasi BPOM dengan Spektrofotometri Serapam Atom (SSA)
Jamu is a traditional medicine still widely consumed by the public, but it has the potential to be contaminated with the heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), which are toxic and can cause health problems, particularly to the liver and kidneys. Heavy metal contamination can originate from raw materials grown in polluted environments and from processing, storage, and packaging that do not meet quality standards, particularly for products that have not undergone official supervision. This study aims to analyze the content of lead and cadmium metals in registered and unregistered herbal medicine products. The analysis was carried out using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method after sample preparation through wet digestion using strong acid. Six herbal medicine dosage forms were analyzed, namely powder, chopped, pills, capsules, cream, and shake parem. Method validation included tests for linearity, precision, limit of detection, and limit of quantification to ensure the reliability of the analysis results. The results showed that all registered herbal medicine samples met the safety requirements for Pb and Cd. In contrast, several unregistered herbal medicine preparations, especially powder, chopped, and cream, did not meet the safety requirements for Cd, while the Pb levels in all samples met the safety requirements for Pb. These findings indicate that unregistered herbal medicines carry a higher risk of heavy metal contamination. Therefore, strengthening quality control, selecting safe raw materials, and increasing compliance with regulations are necessary to ensure the safety of herbal medicine consumption and protect public health.
Asuhan Keperawatan pada Ny. M dengan Diagnosa Ulkus Diabetikum Menggunakan Penerapan Intervensi Slow Deep Breathing dalam Mengurangi Kecemasan di Rumah Sakit Az-Zahra
The prevalence of diabetic ulcers in Indonesia reaches 12-15% of all sufferers. This condition has an impact on the patient's psychological condition in the form of anxiety due to wounds that are difficult to heal, changes in body image, and concerns about the possibility of amputation. One of the nonpharmacological interventions that can help overcome anxiety is the slow deep breathing technique. The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to carry out Nursing Care for Mrs. M with Diagnosis of Diabetic Ulcers using the application of slow deep breathing intervention in reducing anxiety at Az-Zahra Hospital. The writing method is a nursing care process that includes the stages of study, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The subject of care was Mrs. M, a patient with diabetic ulcers in the inpatient room of Az-Zahra Hospital. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, documentation studies, and physical examinations, and using a medical-surgical nursing care assessment format. The ethical principles applied use the principles of Nursing Ethics. The results of nursing care showed that after three days of slow deep breathing intervention, patients reported feeling calmer, sleeping better, and anxiety levels decreased from moderate to mild based on observation results and anxiety scales used. This suggests that slow deep breathing interventions are effective in helping to reduce anxiety in patients with diabetic ulcers. It is hoped that patients and families can continue these breathing exercises independently as part of stress management efforts and quality of life improvement.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu terhadap Pemberian Imunisasi BCG Tepat Waktu di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Muara Fajar Kota Pekanbaru
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunization is a mandatory basic immunization that must be administered to infants before two months of age as a preventive measure against tuberculosis. Timely administration of the BCG vaccine is crucial to ensure optimal protection and to maintain continuity of subsequent immunization schedules. Maternal knowledge is one of the factors influencing the timeliness of immunization. The achievement of BCG immunization at Muara Fajar Community Health Center in 2025 was 76.1%, still below the annual target of 90%. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and the timely administration of BCG immunization among infants aged 0–2 months in the working area of Muara Fajar Public Health Center, Pekanbaru City. This study employed a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. A total of 59 mothers with infants aged 0–6 months were selected using accidental sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires assessing maternal knowledge of BCG immunization and the timeliness of BCG vaccine administration. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed that most mothers were aged 26–35 years (59.3%), had a senior high school education (52.2%), and were housewives (71.2%). Nearly half of the respondents had low knowledge levels (47.5%), while 54.2% of infants received BCG immunization on time. The Chi-square test revealed a significant association between maternal knowledge and timely BCG immunization (p=0.001). This study concludes that maternal knowledge plays a crucial role in ensuring timely BCG immunization in infants.
Efektivitas Media Promosi Kesehatan Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Siswa Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah di SMP Negeri 6 Birem Bayeun Kabupaten Aceh Timur
Organic and inorganic waste is often left to accumulate behind the school or burned, which can cause air pollution and threaten the health of the surrounding environment. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of health promotion media on students' knowledge and attitudes about waste management at SMP Negeri 6 Birem Bayeun, East Aceh Regency. Method: This research is a quantitative study with a quasi- experiment design using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The total sample in this study was 98 respondents, which were divided into two groups: 49 students received intervention through video media and 49 students through leaflets. The sampling technique used simple random sampling, and data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Results: The results of the analysis showed that the average knowledge score after the video and leaflet media intervention had a p=0.000 value, indicating a significant increase. However, the average attitude score after the intervention showed a value of p=0.266, which was not significant. Mann- Whitney test showed no difference in effectiveness between video and leaflet media.Conclusion: It is recommended that schools work together with the government to address waste management issues, so that the practice of burning waste can be minimized for better health and environment.
Potensi Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) sebagai Herbal Pendukung Pengelolaan Gula Darah: Tinjauan Literatur dan Implikasinya dalam Wellness Tourism
Blood sugar regulation problems such as diabetes are increasing, so sustainable management is needed. Kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) are tropical plants that have potential as traditional blood sugar management through the content of phytochemical compounds contained therein. This article aims to review the potential of kersen leaves in blood sugar management and its implications in the wellness tourism approach. The method used is a literature review of scientific literature, especially the last five years related to the phytochemical content and antihyperglycemic activity of kersen leaves, as well as their implications in wellness tourism. The results of the literature review through in vivo and in vivo approaches show that kersen leaves contain potential phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins that are able to regulate blood sugar by preventing the oxidation process of important molecules by free radicals, suppressing oxidative stress, inhibiting carbohydrate enzymes, increasing insulin production, and suppressing the glycogenolysis process. In the context of wellness tourism, kersen leaves as a herbal plant can be used as a healthy drink and have the potential to be studied further in the development of wellness tourism, especially related to herbal medicine.
Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dan Pengetahuan Ibu dengan Kepatuhan Ibu Hamil dalam Mengikuti Kelas Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sinaboi Kabupaten Rokan Hilir
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) remains a major global health issue that requires serious attention. Based on the Indonesian Health Survey (Survei Kesehatan Indonesia/SKI), Indonesia’s MMR in 2022 was recorded at 195 per 100,000 live births and decreased to 189 per 100,000 live births in 2023. Although this decline indicates some progress, the figure remains far from the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target of fewer than 70 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030. Therefore, various promotive and preventive efforts are needed to reduce MMR, one of which is by improving pregnant women’s compliance in attending antenatal classes. This study aimed to examine the relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge and family support and their compliance in attending antenatal classes in the working area of Sinaboi Public Health Center. This research employed a quantitative analytic method with a cross-sectional design. The total number of respondents was 136 pregnant women. The results of the univariate analysis showed that 78 respondents (57.4%) had good knowledge, 74 respondents (54.9%) received family support, and 106 respondents (78.0%) were compliant in attending antenatal classes. The Chi-square test results indicated a significant relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge and compliance in attending antenatal classes (p-value = 0.03), as well as a significant relationship between family support and pregnant women’s compliance in attending antenatal classes (p-value = 0.02). This study is expected to serve as a reference for health workers and future researchers in enhancing education and family involvement to encourage active and regular participation of pregnant women in antenatal classes.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja di SMPN 3 Pantai Raja Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Pantai Raja
Adolescence has problems, one of which is reproductive health. Factors that influence reproductive health include socioeconomic and demographic factors, cultural and environmental factors, psychological factors, and biological factors. This study aims to determine the factors related to the reproductive health of adolescents at SMPN 3 Pantai Raja, the working area of the UPT Pantai Raja Health Center (respondent characteristics, parental characteristics, adolescent knowledge, family support). This type of research is descriptive with a cross- sectional approach. The population is all seventh grade students at SMPN 3 Pantai Raja, the working area of the UPT Pantai Raja Health Center, grade VII in October 2025 with a sample of 59 people using total sampling. Data analysis uses descriptive data analysis and statistic chi square, namely explaining data about each variable. The results of the study showed that all (100%) were in the 35-49 age group, the majority (57.6%) had secondary education, the majority (59.3%) were employed, the majority (71.1%) had sufficient support, all (100%) were aged 11-14 years, almost all (81.4%) were female, and the majority (57.6%) had sufficient knowledge. The conclusion of this research is that there is a relationship between knowledge and support from parents of class VII students with a p-value of 0.001 and factors related to adolescent reproductive health influence each other to influence reproductive health during adolescence. Therefore, it is hoped that community health centers will increase knowledge and understanding, especially in providing services to adolescents, to provide more information about adolescent reproductive health.
Laporan Kasus : Upaya Pendekatan Kedokteran Keluarga Melalui Kunjungan Rumah pada Wanita 60 Tahun dengan Hipertensi dan Hiperkolesterolemia di Kabupaten Pamekasan
Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are closely related non-communicable diseases and major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, particularly in older adults. These conditions are influenced by medical, behavioral, family, and environmental factors, requiring a holistic family medicine approach through home visits. This study aimed to describe the clinical condition, family function, and environmental factors of a 60-year-old female patient with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia using the APGAR and SCREEM approaches. This study employed a qualitative descriptive design in the form of a case report involving Mrs. S (60 years old) in Lebbek Village, Pamekasan Regency. Data were collected through anamnesis, physical examination, total cholesterol measurement using a GCU meter, environmental observation, and assessment of family function and environmental factors. The results showed blood pressure values of 161/96 mmHg and 160/96 mmHg on repeated measurement, with a total cholesterol level of 154 mg/dL. The patient had a high-salt and high-fat diet with low physical activity. APGAR assessment indicated poor family function with a total score of 4, particularly in the partnership and resolve domains, while the growth domain was categorized as accepting. SCREEM analysis identified education as the main barrier. In conclusion, management of this condition requires family-based interventions focusing on improving family cooperation and health education tailored to the patient’s literacy level.
Efek Hook pada Prolaktinoma: Tantangan Diagnosis pada Remaja dengan Galaktorea dan Amenore
Prolactinoma is the most common functional pituitary adenoma, particularly in adolescent females, and is typically characterized by amenorrhea and galactorrhea resulting from hyperprolactinemia. However, in certain cases, serum prolactin levels may appear normal due to the hook effect, an immunoassay measurement error caused by extremely high prolactin concentrations that interfere with antigen–antibody complex formation. We report the case of a 17-year-old female presenting with a five-month history of galactorrhea, accompanied by breast pain, headache, and primary amenorrhea. Brain MRI revealed a pituitary mass measuring 1.4 × 0.8 × 0.5 cm, suspicious for prolactinoma, while serum prolactin was within the normal range (17.33 ng/mL). The discrepancy between clinical manifestations, lesion size, and laboratory findings raised suspicion of the hook effect. The patient was treated with dopamine agonists, bromocriptine and cabergoline, and referred for multidisciplinary management involving endocrinology, neurosurgery, and obstetrics–gynecology. Despite the absence of prolactin dilution testing, MRI findings supported the diagnosis of prolactinoma, and the patient demonstrated a favorable clinical response to therapy. This case highlights the importance of recognizing laboratory variability, performing comprehensive hormonal evaluation, and considering prolactin dilution assays when clinical and laboratory findings are discordant, particularly in adolescent patients with suggestive symptoms.
Analisis Kebijakan Antisipasi Kebocoran Radiasi dari Ruangan CT Scan di Rumah Sakit Royal Prima Medan
The use of radiation-based medical equipment such as CT Scan poses potential risks of radiation leakage that may endanger patients, medical personnel, and the surrounding environment if not properly managed. This study aims to analyze radiation safety policies in anticipating radiation leakage in the CT Scan unit of Royal Prima General Hospital Medan, covering policy frameworks, physical protection measures, implementation challenges, and supervision and evaluation systems. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews related to radiation safety policies. The results indicate that radiation safety policies at Royal Prima General Hospital Medan have referred to BAPETEN regulations and international standards, particularly in the structural protection of the CT Scan room, which has been proven effective in maintaining radiation exposure levels below the permissible limits. However, policy implementation still faces several obstacles, including budget limitations, non-compliance of some medical staff with the use of personal protective equipment, and suboptimal discipline in adhering to standard operating procedures. Supervision and evaluation have been conducted internally by certified Radiation Protection Officers and externally through periodic inspections by BAPETEN, yet further strengthening is required in terms of staff behavior and safety culture. In conclusion, radiation safety policies have been technically effective, but continuous improvement in compliance, supervision, and safety culture among medical personnel is essential to sustainably minimize the risk of radiation leakage.
Yoga Asana dalam Pengelolaan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2: Implikasi Klinis dan Peran Dokter dalam Konteks Wisata Kesehatan
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires comprehensive management beyond pharmacological therapy, including sustainable lifestyle-based interventions. Yoga asana, as a form of mind–body intervention, integrates physical postures, breathing techniques, and relaxation practices that may influence metabolic and psychosocial pathways relevant to T2DM. This article aimed to synthesize evidence regarding the physiological mechanisms, clinical effectiveness, and healthcare implementation context of yoga asana in T2DM management, as well as to discuss the role of physicians in integrating this complementary therapy, including within health tourism settings. A narrative literature review was conducted using scientific databases, focusing on publications addressing yoga asana, mind–body interventions, T2DM, and clinical integration. The findings indicate that yoga asana is associated with improved glycemic control, including reductions in fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, and HbA1c, alongside modulation of stress-related physiological parameters and psychological well-being. Beyond clinical outcomes, yoga asana shows potential for community-based and health tourism contexts as part of chronic disease lifestyle management. Physicians play a central role in clinical assessment, patient education, coordination with complementary therapy providers, and ongoing monitoring to ensure safe, evidence-based integration. Although current evidence suggests consistent beneficial trends, methodological heterogeneity highlights the need for more standardized and mechanistic research.
Faktor yang Berkontribusi terhadap Stroke Serta Strategi dan Penanganan Medis dan Rehabilitasi
Stroke is one of the non-communicable diseases that is the leading cause of disability and death in the world. Clinical factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, body mass index (BMI), and unhealthy lifestyle are known to contribute to the incidence of stroke. Oe-Cusse Referral Hospital serves as the main referral center in the treatment of stroke cases, but data on contributing clinical factors and medical treatment and rehabilitation strategies are still limited. This study aims to analyze the clinical factors that contribute to the incidence of stroke and describe medical treatment and rehabilitation strategies in stroke patients at Oe-Cusse Referral Hospital.This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional observational design. The research sample amounted to 50 stroke patients who were treated in the January-November 2025 period, selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through medical records and questionnaires related to medical treatment and rehabilitation. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS program, including descriptive analysis and logistic regression to see the relationship between clinical factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lifestyle, BMI, and other factors) and stroke incidence. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the average age of stroke patients was 56.2 ± 9.8 years, with an age range of 39–78 years. The average BMI of the patient was 27.5 ± 3.1 kg/m² which indicates a tendency to be overweight. The average systolic blood pressure of the patient was 150 ± 18 mmHg, indicating the predominance of hypertension in stroke patients. The average length of rehabilitation lasted 6.3 ± 1.8 weeks. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between clinical factors, especially hypertension, BMI, and diabetes mellitus, and stroke incidence. Clinical factors such as hypertension, high BMI, and diabetes mellitus contribute significantly to the incidence of stroke at Oe-Cusse Referral Hospital.
Hubungan Tajam Penglihatan pada Penderita Hipertensi yang Mengalami Obesitas
Hypertension, a global health issue, is increasingly prevalent and significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. It often coexists with obesity, a key risk factor for hypertension and vascular complications. The combination of hypertension and obesity leads to metabolic changes, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress that damage retinal blood vessels, directly affecting visual acuity. This literature review examines the relationship between hypertension, obesity, and visual acuity, analyzing 20 articles published between 2021 and 2025, sourced from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The study found a significant association between hypertension and obesity with decreased visual acuity. Obesity not only serves as a comorbidity but also as a mediator, worsening hypertension's effects through mechanisms like insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Longitudinal studies indicate that visual impairment is progressive, while cross-sectional studies highlight its high prevalence in hypertensive obese populations. The review emphasizes the need for routine eye exams, blood pressure control, and weight management as preventive measures. In conclusion, hypertension and obesity together significantly increase the risk of visual impairment, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to care and promoting preventive strategies to preserve eye health and enhance patients' quality of life.
Pengaruh Karakteristik dan Riwayat Penyakit Kronis terhadap Kejadian Depresi pada Lansia yang Tinggal di Roujin Home Asahi No Ie Jepang
Depression is one of the most common mental health problems experienced by older adults and is influenced by various factors, including individual characteristics and chronic disease conditions. This study aims to determine the influence of age, gender, and chronic disease history on the incidence of depression among older adults residing at Roujin Home Asahi No Ie, Japan. The study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of all elderly individuals living at Roujin Home Asahi No Ie, and the sampling technique used was total sampling. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was utilized as the instrument to measure depression levels. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-Square test. The results showed a significant relationship between age and depression levels (p = 0.001), indicating that older age increases the risk of depression. Gender also demonstrated a significant association with depression (p = 0.015), showing differences in vulnerability between male and female elderly individuals. In addition, a significant relationship was found between chronic disease history and depression (p = 0.002), indicating that elderly individuals with chronic illnesses are more likely to experience depression. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that age, gender, and chronic disease history significantly influence depression among older adults. These results are expected to support the development of preventive strategies and geriatric nursing interventions to improve mental health and quality of life among elderly individuals in nursing home environments.
Effectiveness of Combined Lecture and Small-Group Training on Blood Pressure Measurement Technique Among Community Volunteers
Hypertension is a major non-communicable disease, particularly challenging in regions with extensive service areas. Community health volunteers are essential for prevention and management through blood pressure measurement. Existing training programs focus primarily on knowledge, highlighting the need to integrate cognitive learning with small-group skills practice to enhance practical competencies and community-based hypertension control. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest design was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of combined lecture and small-group training. Knowledge was assessed before and after training, while skills were evaluated post-intervention. Thirty volunteers from the Public Health Center Selakau participated. The results showed that knowledge of blood pressure measurement improved significantly, with pretest scores of 74.67 ± 16.34 rising to posttest scores of 90.00 ± 10.50 (p < 0.005). Posttest evaluation of practical skills showed a mean score of 80.93 ± 13.35, indicating proficient performance in most assessed items. Combined lecture and small-group training effectively enhanced both knowledge and practical skills of community health volunteers in blood pressure measurement. Integrating cognitive learning with hands-on practice strengthens theoretical understanding and field competencies, supporting more effective community-based hypertension control programs.
Syarifah Nurul Yanti Rizki Syahab Asseggaf
Penetapan Kadar Alkaloid Total Pada Batang Brotowali (Tinospora Crispa L.) Secara Spektrofometri UV-Vis
Brotowali stem (Tinospora crispa L.) is a plant that grows abundantly in Central Kalimantan and has been empirically used for generations as an antidiabetic remedy by the Dayak Ngaju community. Brotowali stem contains secondary metabolite compounds, including alkaloids, which possess various pharmacological activities, one of which is antidiabetic activity. This study aimed to determine the alkaloid content of Tinospora crispa stem extract in aquadest, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions. The research employed an observational descriptive method by analyzing qualitative data through color reaction tests and quantitative data using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to determine alkaloid levels. The qualitative analysis results showed positive color reactions indicating the presence of alkaloid compounds. Quantitative analysis using UV-Vis spectrophotometry revealed that the total alkaloid content in the aquadest fraction was 20.19 mg or 20.19%, in the n-hexane fraction was 20.54 mg or 20.54%, and in the ethyl acetate fraction was 31.07 mg or 31.07%. The highest total alkaloid content was found in the ethyl acetate fraction. In conclusion, the extract of Tinospora crispa stem positively contains alkaloids, with the highest alkaloid content obtained in the ethyl acetate fraction at 31.07%.
Generalized Pustular Psoriasis pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a severe inflammatory form of psoriasis characterized by widespread sterile pustular eruptions. Pro-inflammatory mediators released during chronic inflammation may contribute to comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A 65-year-old woman presented with pustular eruptions over almost the entire body for seven days, accompanied by burning sensation and pruritus. Some pustules coalesced forming “lakes of pus,” while others appeared as erythematous plaques with coarse white scales. The patient had a history of T2DM. Based on clinical findings, the patient was diagnosed with GPP. She was hospitalized for seven days and followed up weekly until week 10. Inflammatory mediators such as Th-1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-17, and IL-23 in psoriasis may inhibit insulin receptor signaling and glucose uptake, leading to insulin resistance and increased blood glucose levels. The duration of treatment until remission in psoriasis patients with T2DM tends to be longer than in non-diabetic patients. In patients with comorbidities, low-dose methotrexate (5–7.5 mg/week) was administered. The coexistence of GPP and T2DM may lead to more severe exacerbations, prolonged treatment duration, and reduced quality of life, posing challenges in management.
Hubungan Ukuran Lingkar Pinggang terhadap Kadar Asam Urat pada Pria dengan Pekerjaan Aktivitas Fisik Rendah
Background: Hyperuricemia represents a medical condition marked by elevated concentrations of uric acid within the bloodstream, potentially triggering gout alongside various metabolic disorders. Central obesity has been identified as a contributing factor to rising uric acid concentrations, measurable through waist circumference assessment. Methods: An analytic observational design utilizing a cross-sectional approach was employed in this investigation, encompassing 100 male participants characterized by sedentary lifestyles who were employed as office workers in Medan City, North Sumatra Province. Waist circumference measurements were obtained using a flexible measuring tape, while uric acid concentrations were determined through Point of Care Test (POCT) devices. Statistical evaluation was conducted via the Chi-Square test, applying a significance threshold of 0.05. Results: Among all participants, 64 individuals (64%) exhibited waist circumference measurements indicative of central obesity, whereas 56 individuals (56%) demonstrated hyperuricemic conditions. Statistical evaluation revealed a significant association between waist circumference measurements and uric acid concentrations, evidenced by a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A meaningful correlation exists between waist circumference and uric acid concentrations among males engaged in sedentary occupations.
Pencegahan Infeksi Nosokomial Berhubungan Dengan Teori Nightingale
Nosocomial infections, also known as Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), are infections acquired by patients during their stay in healthcare facilities. These infections remain a serious problem because they can increase morbidity and mortality rates, prolong the length of hospital stay, and raise healthcare costs. One classical yet highly relevant approach to preventing nosocomial infections is Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory. This theory emphasizes the importance of maintaining a clean environment, adequate ventilation, proper lighting, effective sanitation, and good personal hygiene to support patient recovery and reduce infection risks. Nightingale believed that environmental factors play a crucial role in improving patient health outcomes and preventing disease transmission. In modern nursing practice, the principles of Nightingale’s theory are still widely applied through infection prevention and control programs, environmental cleanliness standards, and patient-centered care. Therefore, understanding and implementing environmental management in healthcare settings remain essential strategies to reduce nosocomial infection rates and improve the overall quality of healthcare services.
Karakteristik Pasien Geriatri dengan Osteoarthritis Genu yang Mendapatkan Terapi Rehabilitasi Medik di Rumah Sakit Ibnu Sina Pada Tahun 2024
Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that commonly affects older adults and causes pain and functional limitations. Age, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and comorbidities influence disease severity and response to medical rehabilitation. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of geriatric patients with knee osteoarthritis receiving medical rehabilitation therapy at Ibnu Sina Hospital, Makassar, in 2024. This was a quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The results showed that most geriatric patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing medical rehabilitation at Ibnu Sina Hospital in 2024 were in the 60–70 year age group and were predominantly female. The majority of patients had a body mass index in the overweight to obese category. Most patients had no history of smoking but had one or more comorbidities, particularly hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Medical rehabilitation therapy was generally provided as a combination of several modalities. In conclusion, geriatric patients with knee osteoarthritis receiving medical rehabilitation were predominantly aged 60–70 years, female, overweight or obese, and had comorbidities. These findings highlight the importance of individualized and multidisciplinary rehabilitation approaches based on patient characteristics
Remodeling Jantung sebagai Target Terapi pada Hipertensi Kronik
The increasing complexity of competition in the healthcare industry requires hospitals to adopt adaptive and strategic management practices to enhance organizational competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the role of strategic management in improving hospital competitiveness through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 41 national and international scientific articles published between 2014 and 2025 were reviewed, sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Sinta databases, following the PRISMA guidelines for literature selection. The synthesis of findings indicates that strategic management plays a significant role in strengthening hospital competitiveness through clear strategy formulation, consistent implementation, and continuous performance evaluation. Key factors contributing to competitive advantage include strategic leadership, adaptive organizational culture, effective human resource management, utilization of information technology, and integration between strategic planning and operational processes. The results emphasize that hospitals implementing strategic management comprehensively are better equipped to respond to environmental dynamics, improve service quality, and sustain competitive advantage in the long term. This study highlights the importance of strategic management as a foundational element in modern hospital governance and provides a conceptual basis for future empirical research in healthcare management.
Tumor Mammae Aberrans Dextra pada Wanita Usia 16 Tahun
Mammae aberrans in the axilla is a developmental abnormality caused by the persistence of breast tissue along the milk line and can cause fluctuating axillary masses due to hormonal stimulation, with a reported prevalence of approximately 0.4–6%. Methods: This article is presented as a descriptive case report based on data from the Department of Surgery at Cut Meutia Regional General Hospital, North Aceh, including medical history, physical examination, routine blood tests, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), excision, histopathological examination, and follow-up. Results: A 16-year-old female patient complained of a lump in her right axilla for approximately two years, which had enlarged in the last month and caused severe pain before menstruation. Examination revealed a mass measuring approximately 3×3×2 cm, without lymph node enlargement, and normal routine blood tests. Two FNAB punctures showed fat droplets/matrix without epithelial proliferation or malignant cells (benign smear) with the impression of aberrant mammary glands. The patient underwent mass excision; histopathology showed mature fatty tissue and fibrocollagen accompanied by ductular proliferation without signs of malignancy, and at the 1-week follow-up, the pain had disappeared and the lump was no longer visible. Discussion: The cyclic pain pattern associated with menstruation is an important clue for distinguishing aberrant mammary glands from differential diagnoses of axillary masses in adolescents, while excision provides diagnostic certainty and symptom improvement. Conclusion: Mammae aberrans should be considered in adolescents with axillary masses affected by the menstrual cycle, and excision is recommended in symptomatic cases for histopathological confirmation and resolution of complaints.
Hubungan Ukuran Lingkar Pinggang Terhadap Nilai Volume Oksigen Maksimal (Vo2maks) pada Pria dengan Pekerjaan Aktivitas Fisik Tinggi
Introduction: Maximal oxygen volume (VO2max) is the capability of the cardiorespiratory system to deliver oxygen to muscle mitochondria, which is directly proportional to the level of stamina and is obtained from physical activity. Central obesity, which is characterized by excessive accumulation of visceral fat, can cause decreased stamina, so individuals with central obesity tend to have lower VO2max values. VO2max values can be determined by body composition, such as waist circumference, which is an indicator of central obesity. Methods: This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach and involved 54 male respondents with high physical activity jobs who worked as building construction workers in Medan City, North Sumatra Province. Waist circumference measurements were carried out using a measuring tape, while VO2max was assessed using a 6-minute walk test. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: A total of 47 respondents (87%) had a normal waist circumference, 31 respondents (57.4%) had a fair VO2max, and 16 respondents (29.6%) had an average VO2max. The analysis showed a significant relationship between waist circumference and VO2max, with a P value of 0.000 (P<0.05) and R = -0.658. Conclusion: There is a strong and significant negative correlation between waist circumference and VO2max. This indicates that a larger waist circumference results in a lower VO2max, and a smaller waist circumference results in a higher VO2max.
Hubungan Ukuran Lingkar Pinggang terhadap Kekuatan Genggaman Tangan pada Pria dengan Pekerjaan Aktivitas Fisik Tinggi
Background: Hand grip strength is an essential indicator of physical capacity and nutritional status that can identify obesity risk. Adipose tissue accumulation in central obesity contributes to decreased hand grip strength quality through impaired muscle force transmission. Previous studies showed inconsistent results regarding the relationship between waist circumference and hand grip strength, especially in populations with high physical activity. Objective: To analyze the relationship between waist circumference and hand grip strength in male construction workers with high physical activity in Medan City. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study with cross-sectional design involved 100 male construction workers aged 30-39 years selected using purposive sampling technique. Waist circumference was measured using measuring tape, while hand grip strength was measured using handgrip dynamometer. Data analysis used Chi-Square test with significance level α=0.05. Results: The majority of respondents had normal waist circumference (64%) with mode 70 cm and normal grip strength category (53%) with mode 41.7 kg. Chi-Square test showed significant relationship between waist circumference and hand grip strength (p=0.039). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between waist circumference and hand grip strength in construction workers. High physical activity does not completely prevent central obesity, therefore nutritional management and health education programs are needed for optimization of body composition and muscle functional capacity.
Efektivitas Media Audiovisual dan Leaflet tentang Perilaku Seksual Pranikah terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Remaja
Physiological changes in adolescents during the transition period, both biologically, cognitively, psychosexually, and psychosocially, are very vulnerable to various risky behaviors such as premarital sexual behavior, abortion, unwanted pregnancy, STIs, and drug use. One effort to increase adolescent awareness about premarital sex is health education. This study identified the effectiveness of audiovisual media and leaflets about premarital sexual behavior on the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents at SMA Negeri 20 Seram Bagian Barat. The study used a quasi-experimental approach, pre-post-test control group design, with 40 samples. The Wilcoxon test results for the intervention group showed a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in adolescent knowledge and attitudes before and after health education using audiovisual media. The control group showed a p-value > 0.05, indicating no significant difference in adolescent knowledge and attitudes before and after health education using leaflets. The Man-Whitney test results showed a p-value < 0.000 (p value < 0.05) for the intervention group post-test. It was concluded that there was a significant difference in health education using audiovisual media and leaflets regarding premarital sexual behavior on adolescent knowledge and attitudes at State Senior High School 20, West Seram.
Analisis Kadar Hidrokuinon pada Day cream yang Beredar di Kecamatan X Kabupaten Sukoharjo
The use of cosmetics, especially day creams, is increasing along with the high public interest in facial skin care. However, day cream products are still found to potentially contain hydroquinone, a skin whitening agent whose use is restricted because it can cause harmful side effects on skin health. This study aims to identify the presence and determine the levels of hydroquinone in day cream products circulating in District X, Sukoharjo Regency, and to assess their compliance with the regulations of the Food and Drug Monitoring Agency (BPOM). This study was a descriptive analytical study using a purposive sampling technique. A total of 15 day cream products were analyzed, consisting of 8 BPOM-registered products and 7 products not registered with BPOM. Qualitative analysis was conducted using color reaction tests with FeCl₃, Benedict’s, and o-phenanthroline reagents. Furthermore, quantitative analysis was performed using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method to accurately and specifically confirm the presence and determine the levels of hydroquinone. The results showed that the color reaction test has limitations in specifically identifying hydroquinone. HPLC confirmation revealed the presence of hydroquinone in several day cream samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.024% to 0.150%. These findings indicate the need for stricter monitoring of day cream distribution to ensure the safety of cosmetic products for the wider public.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Beban Kerja pada Unit Produksi di PT Summit Adyawinsa Indonesia Tahun 2025
The Preliminary study results indicate that 7 out of 10, or around 70% of production workers at PT Summi Adyawinsa Indonesia experienced a high workload. This research employed a quantitative descriptive method with a cross sectional study design. The sample consisted of 132 workers, selected using a non-probability sampling technique. The study was conducted from June to July 2025. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. Primary data were collected through questionnaires as the research instrument. The univariate results showed the highest proportions was hish workload (93,9%), long working hours (65,9%), short work period (66,7%), productive age (93,2%), male gender (93,9%), high wages (53%), and good work environment (94,7%). Bivariate results show a relationship between working hours (p value 0,019), and work period (p value 0,05) with workload. There is no association between age (p value 1,000), gender (p value 0,402), wages (p value 0,147), and work environment (p value 1,000) with workload. Workload Companies need to increase the number of employess, perform routine maintenance on machinery and heavy equipment (forklifts and hoist cranes), and provide training for both new and existing workers.
Efektivitas Mindfulness dalam Menurunkan Burnout pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran
Burnout is a psychological condition characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decreased personal achievement, commonly experienced by medical students. Mindfulness, defined as awareness and acceptance of the present moment without judgment, has been increasingly studied as a strategy to reduce burnout. This narrative literature review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions in reducing burnout levels among medical students. Articles were collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar published between 2020 and 2025. Studies indicate that mindfulness-based programs, such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and brief online mindfulness training, effectively reduce emotional exhaustion and improve psychological well-being. Mindfulness promotes self-regulation, decreases stress reactivity, and enhances empathy, which are essential for medical students’ mental health. In conclusion, mindfulness interventions show significant potential in alleviating burnout among medical students and should be considered as part of medical education curricula.
Deteksi dan Kuantifikasi Hidrokuinon pada Sampel Night Cream di Kecamatan X Sukoharjo
Hydroquinone is a skin lightening agent that effectively inhibits melanogenesis, but its use in cosmetics is restricted due to the potential for serious side effects. Although banned in over-the-counter cosmetics, hydroquinone is still found in unregistered night cream products. This study aims to detect the presence, determine the levels of hydroquinone, and evaluate its safety risks in night cream products sold in District X, Sukoharjo Regency. The study was conducted experimentally in a laboratory using a purposive sampling technique on 15 night cream samples consisting of 8 BPOM-registered products and 7 non-BPOM products. Qualitative analysis was carried out using FeCl₃, Benedict's, and o-phenanthroline color reaction tests, while quantitative analysis used the HPLC method with a C18 column and a UV-Vis detector at a wavelength of 280 nm. The results showed that all BPOM-registered samples did not contain hydroquinone, while several non-BPOM samples were detected to contain hydroquinone at levels ranging from 0.0688%–0.2043%. These findings indicate a higher safety risk in non-BPOM products. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of strengthening regulatory oversight and increasing public literacy in choosing safe and legal cosmetic products.