Bidang kajian dalam jurnal ini termasuk sub rumpun Ilmu Kedokteran Spesialis, Ilmu Kedokteran Akademik, Spesialis Kedokteran gigi dan mulut, Kedokteran Gigi Akademik. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Kedokteran menerima artikel dalam bahasa Indonesia dan diterbitkan 3 kali setahun: April, Agustus, dan Desember. E-ISSN : 2828-9358 (Online), P-ISSN : 2828-934X (Cetak). Jurnal ini terakreditasi SINTA 5 (Surat Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Riset, dan Teknologi Nomor 10/C/C3/DT.05.00/2025 tanggal 21 Maret 2025 tentang Peringkat Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah Periode I Tahun 2025) dimulai dari Volume 1 Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 sampai Volume 6 Nomor 1 Tahun 2027. Terindeks oleh : Mitra Jurnal :
Analisa Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Salat terhadap Praktek Pelaksanaan Salat Pada Pasien Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Haji Makassar
In Islam, prayer (salat) is a fundamental obligation that must be performed under all circumstances, including during illness. Muslim patients have high spiritual needs, in which religious practices serve as a source of strength in coping with disease. Although Islam provides concessions (rukhsah) in performing prayer for the sick, limitations in patients’ understanding of how to perform prayer according to their health conditions are still found. This lack of knowledge may affect the proper practice of prayer during hospitalization. Therefore, this study aims to identify patient characteristics related to the practice of prayer, to examine the level of knowledge of the five daily prayers in relation to their practice among patients, and to analyze patients’ overall level of knowledge regarding prayer. This study employed a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The results show that patient characteristics, particularly productive age and higher educational level, contribute to their ability to perform prayer during hospitalization. A significant relationship was found between the level of knowledge of prayer and its practice, where better understanding was associated with more optimal religious practice. Overall, most patients had a high level of knowledge of prayer, although a small proportion still had low knowledge, indicating the need for spiritual education. It can be concluded that the level of knowledge of prayer is associated with the quality of prayer practice among Muslim patients at RSUD Haji Makassar. Strengthening spiritual education is needed to support the fulfillment of patients’ religious needs during hospitalization.
Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL RISET RUMPUN ILMU KEDOKTERAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ultrasound Guided Peripheral Nerve Block for Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Case Report
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), sometimes referred to as tic doloureaux or Fothergill disease, is a facial nerve disorder that is widely recognized as one of the most excruciating human ailments. It is characterized by sudden, severe, and recurrent episodes of facial pain that can significantly impair a patient’s quality of life. Oral medications are commonly used as first-line therapy; however, they fail to provide long-term relief in approximately half of patients with trigeminal neuralgia. This condition often leads to repeated clinical visits and the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. A 26-year-old woman presented with complaints of severe, intermittent, and sharp pain localized to her left cheek, consistent with the clinical features of trigeminal neuralgia. Several minimally invasive and surgical treatment options are available for managing this condition, including radiofrequency procedures and microvascular decompression. However, these approaches still carry certain risks and may not be acceptable to all patients. Due to its lower risk profile, ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block can serve as an effective and safer alternative treatment, particularly for patients who refuse or are not suitable candidates for invasive or surgical interventions.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Beras Putih (Oryza sativa L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes
Background: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin problems and is closely associated with the activity of Propionibacterium acnes. Long-term use of antibiotics may lead to bacterial resistance; therefore, alternative antibacterial agents derived from natural products are needed. White rice (Oryza sativa L.) is known to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins, which potentially exhibit antibacterial activity. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of white rice against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. Methods: This research was conducted as a laboratory experimental study using a post-test only control group design. The ethanol extract of white rice was prepared by maceration using 70% ethanol. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method with extract concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%. Clindamycin was used as a positive control, while sterile distilled water served as a negative control. The parameter observed was the diameter of the inhibition zone. Result: The results of phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of white rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Antibacterial activity test showed that the ethanol extract of white rice at concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 25% was able to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes by forming an inhibition zone, while at concentrations of 12.5% and 6.25% no inhibition zone was formed. The highest inhibition zone diameter was found at a concentration of 100%. The ethanol extract of white rice at concentrations of 100% (7.65 mm), 50% (6.77 mm), and 25% (6.15 mm) was able to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, and was classified as having moderate inhibition. In contrast, at concentrations of 12.5% and 6.25%, the ethanol extract of white rice did not show any inhibitory activity detected in vitro using the disc diffusion method. The results of statistical analysis showed a p value <0.001, which means there was a significant difference in the diameter of the inhibition zone between the treatment groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, the ethanol extract of white rice exhibits antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes in a concentration-dependent manner; however, its inhibitory effect remains lower than that of clindamycin.
Penanda Infeksi dan Jumlah Trombosit Sebagai Prediktor Prognosis Pasca Debridement Bedah Pada Septic Arthritis Lutut: Tinjauan Sistematis
Knee septic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency that requires prompt and appropriate management to prevent permanent joint damage and systemic complications. Inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are commonly used for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response; however, their prognostic value after surgical debridement remains variable. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the role of ESR, CRP, and platelet count as prognostic indicators following irrigation and/or surgical debridement in patients with knee septic arthritis. A literature search was conducted in January using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, SpringerLink, and Semantic Scholar, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Study quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) tools. Fifteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were qualitatively analyzed. The findings indicate that elevated preoperative CRP levels and delayed postoperative CRP reduction are associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes, including failure of infection eradication and the need for repeat debridement. Although ESR is consistently elevated during the acute phase, its slower decline limits its short-term prognostic utility. Platelet count may increase as part of the systemic inflammatory response but shows inconsistent prognostic value.
Hubungan Anemia Defisiensi Besi dengan Risiko Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Berulang pada Anak: Literature Review
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a condition of insufficient iron that lowers hemoglobin levels and disrupts erythrocyte formation. This condition commonly occurs in children and can weaken the immune system, thereby increasing the risk of recurrent respiratory tract infections such as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARTI). Children with IDA are also at risk of worsening clinical conditions. This study employed a literature review method with a descriptive-analytical approach. A total of 10 journals (2020–2026) from Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, Elsevier, and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) were analyzed using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design (PICOS) framework and synthesized narratively. The results of the review indicate that iron deficiency anemia is significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children. Children with IDA have a 2–5 times higher risk of developing bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and up to 10 times greater susceptibility to recurrent ARTI. This condition is also associated with increased disease severity, characterized by low hemoglobin levels, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and serum iron, as well as elevated total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). Iron supplementation has been proven effective in reducing the incidence of recurrent infections. In conclusion, iron deficiency anemia is associated with an increased risk and severity of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children. Early detection and iron supplementation are essential to reduce morbidity and prevent infection recurrence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afiyah Salsabila Ilyas, Nadirah Rasyid Ridha, Nur Aisyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Maternal hypertension remains one of the major contributors to maternal morbidity and mortality in Indonesia and globally. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence, mortality trends, and geographical disparities of maternal hypertension in Indonesia during the 2022–2023 period. The research employed a descriptive design using secondary data obtained from official reports of the Indonesian Ministry of Health, national health surveys, and Maternal Perinatal Death Notification (MPDN) data. Data analysis was conducted descriptively by examining prevalence rates, maternal mortality due to hypertension, regional distribution, and temporal trends across provinces in Indonesia. The findings showed a slight but consistent decline in both the prevalence and mortality rates of maternal hypertension from 2022 to 2023 in most provinces. However, significant regional disparities remained evident. Provinces in eastern Indonesia, including Papua Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Maluku, and several provinces in Sulawesi and Kalimantan, consistently recorded higher prevalence and mortality rates compared to provinces in Java and Bali. Meanwhile, provinces with better healthcare infrastructure and maternal referral systems demonstrated lower mortality outcomes. The study also revealed a strong association between high prevalence and increased maternal mortality, indicating the importance of healthcare accessibility, antenatal care quality, and emergency obstetric services in reducing maternal health burdens. These findings emphasize the need for region-specific maternal health interventions, improved healthcare distribution, early detection programs, and strengthened referral systems to reduce maternal hypertension disparities and improve maternal health outcomes in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chaneda Naela Karima, Sani Rahman Soleman, Vita Widyasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Low Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma pada Pelvis yang Menyerupai Keganasan Ovarium
Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare soft tissue tumor with deceptively benign histological features but significant potential for local recurrence and distant metastasis. Pelvic LGFMS is extremely uncommon and may mimic gynecological malignancies, leading to diagnostic challenges. This report describes a 39-year-old woman presenting with progressive abdominal enlargement, bloating, early satiety, and dyspnea. Physical and ultrasonographic examinations suggested a malignant ovarian tumor. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy without preoperative CT scan evaluation. Intraoperatively, multiple solid masses involving the intestines, mesentery, omentum, peritoneum, and ovaries were identified, with the largest measuring 20 × 15 cm. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of LGFMS. The absence of preoperative cross-sectional imaging contributed to diagnostic difficulty in this case. CT scan and MRI are important for evaluating tumor origin, tissue characteristics, and involvement of surrounding structures. Definitive diagnosis requires histopathology supported by immunohistochemistry, particularly MUC4, and molecular confirmation when available. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is essential to avoid misdiagnosis, optimize management, and improve long-term outcomes in patients with pelvic LGFMS.
Copyright (c) 2026 Puteri Moetia Charisma, Munizar Munizar, Hasanuddin Hasanuddin, Dewi Karlina Rusly, Fara Julyta Aliyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Kehamilan Dini Setelah Sleeve Gastrectomy pada Pasien dengan Triple Metabolic Burden
Bariatric surgery is effective in treating obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, pregnancy occurring within 12–24 months after surgery carries significant risks. This report presents a complex pregnancy case in a patient with a history of sleeve gastrectomy, post-hemithyroidectomy hypothyroidism, and T2DM. A 29-year-old primigravida conceived 2 months after undergoing sleeve gastrectomy, which successfully induced T2DM remission, with HbA1c decreasing from 11% to 5.5%. Although glycemic control and euthyroid status were maintained throughout pregnancy, the patient developed severe preeclampsia at 35–36 weeks of gestation, complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and oligohydramnios. An emergency cesarean section delivered a male infant weighing 2000 grams with Apgar scores of 8 and 9 at the first and fifth minutes, respectively. The neonate required 14 days of NICU care due to respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, and hyperbilirubinemia. Maternal gestational weight gain was suboptimal at only 4 kg, below the recommended range for pregnant women with obesity. This case highlights the importance of adhering to the recommended surgery-to-conception interval following bariatric surgery. Early pregnancy after surgery, combined with multiple metabolic comorbidities, may contribute to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Multidisciplinary management, comprehensive nutritional monitoring, and optimization of comorbidities before conception are essential to improve pregnancy outcomes in this population.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amal Bahrum Penas, Cut Meurah Yeni, Yusra Septivera, Cut Rika Maharani, Fara Julyta Aliyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Investigasi Forensik dalam Mengungkap Penyebab Kematian pada Kasus Tenggelam
Drowning is one of the leading causes of accidental death worldwide and remains a major challenge in forensic investigations due to the complexity of determining the exact cause and mechanism of death. This study aimed to analyze forensic investigation methods used to determine the cause of death in drowning cases. The research employed a qualitative descriptive literature review approach by analyzing scientific articles, forensic journals, and medical references related to drowning investigations. Data were collected through literature searches from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Portal Garuda using keywords related to forensic drowning investigations. The findings indicate that forensic investigation in drowning cases requires a comprehensive approach involving external examination, autopsy, laboratory examination, histopathology, diatom analysis, toxicology, and crime scene investigation. Typical forensic findings include foam cone, washerwoman’s hands, cutis anserina, emphysema aquosum, and the presence of foreign materials in the respiratory and digestive tracts. Diatom examination and histopathological analysis also play important roles in strengthening the diagnosis of drowning. The study concludes that an integrated forensic investigation based on scientific evidence is essential to accurately determine the cause and manner of death in drowning cases and to support medicolegal processes in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Meisy Fania Cantika Ketaren, Suandy Suandy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Gejala Kecemasan dan Gejala Depresi terhadap Persiapan Uji Kompetensi Mahasiswa Program Profesi Dokter (UKMPPD) di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pattimura
Medical students need to take the Competence test as Doctor Profession Program (UKMPPD) to be passed and earned their medical profession. Exams are one of the most common stressors experienced by medical students and the body will respond to these stressors in the form of feelings of depression or anxiety. Anxiety and depression itself can affect student performance during exam preparation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety and depression on the preparation of the Professional Doctoral Program Competency Test (UKMPPD) for students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Pattimura. The method used is quantitative analysis with cross sectional research design and total sampling technique. The sample is all the student population of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Pattimura who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, totaling 90 respondents. The results showed that the majority of respondents experienced mild anxiety symptoms, which is 37% during the CBT exam and 34% during the OSCE exam. The majority of respondents also did not experience depression, which is 68% during the CBT and 70% during the OSCE and the majority had an optimal level of preparation for UKMPPD, which is 63% during the CBT and 64% during the OSCE. Data analysis using the chi square test showed a significant relationship between anxiety symptom and the level of preparation for UKMPPD both CBT (p=0.030) and OSCE (p=0.012). There was no significant relationship between depression symptom and the level of preparation for UKMPPD for both CBT (p=0.123) and OSCE (p=0.07). It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between anxiety and preparation for UKMPPD, but there is no significant relationship between depression and preparation for UKMPPD.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muammar D. Makasar, Bertha J. Que, Johan B. Bension, Laura B. S. Huwae https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengetahuan Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja
Due to its effect on the caliber of generations to come, iron deficiency anemia in teenage females is one of Indonesia's most pressing reproductive health concerns. Adolescents' awareness to autonomously adopt preventative actions is shaped mostly by their knowledge. The purpose of this research is to determine whether there is a correlation between the prevalence of anemia among teenage females in Boyolali Regency and their degree of education. Using a cross-sectional design, this study employs quantitative correlational analytic methods. An accidental sampling approach was used to obtain a sample size of 80 respondents from the population of seventh grade female pupils. A digital POCT device was utilized to quantify the incidence of anemia variables based on hemoglobin (Hb) levels, while a structured questionnaire instrument was employed to gather data for knowledge variables. The Chi-Square test was used to assess the bivariate data analysis. According to the univariate analysis, 62.5% of the participants (50 respondents) had a decent level of knowledge, and 73.8% of the participants (59 respondents) did not suffer from anemia (Hb > 12 g/dL). With a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), the results of the bivariate test were generated. Anemia is more common among female students at MTs Al Ihsan Doglo who have a higher degree of expertise, according to this study. School districts should keep an eye on students' iron pill use and improve their nutrition education programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Ambarwati, Luluk Khusnul Dwihestie, Triani Yuliastanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Teknik Massage Counter Pressure dalam Mengurangi Rasa Sakit Persalinan pada Primipara Kala I Fase Aktif di PMB Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sei Langkai
Pain during childbirth is a personal feeling and varies from individual to individual, including among mothers in labor. One non-pharmacological method created to overcome pain is pressure massage techniques. Pressure massage techniques can reduce pain transmitted to the spinal cord in the brain, and also provide strong pressure that can trigger the release of endorphins. This study aims to examine the effect of pressure massage techniques in reducing pain during labor in first-time pregnant women in the active phase of the first stage of labor at the PMB Work Area of ​​the Sei Langkai Community Health Center, Batam City in 2024. This type of research is Pre-Experimental with a One Group Pretest Posttest design. The number of samples taken in this study was 16 mothers in labor, with the data collection method using purposive sampling. The independent variable in this study was pressure massage, while the dependent variable was pain during labor. The instruments used in this study were SOPs and observation forms. The results showed that pain levels before and after pressure massage decreased, with an average pain level of 4.43 before and 2.25 after. This finding indicates a decrease in pain levels during childbirth by a difference of 2.18. The Wilcoxon statistical test showed a significant value with a p-value of 0.000.
Copyright (c) 2026 Faiqah Zahra, Catur Yulinawati, Rofiqo Larasati Philip https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Kolangitis Akut Sebagai Kegawatdaruratan Hepatobilier: Pendekatan Diagnosis Berdasarkan Tokyo Guidelines 2018 dan Tata Laksana Awal di Instalasi Gawat Darurat pada Pasien Dewasa
Acute cholangitis is a hepatobiliary emergency caused by bacterial infection of the biliary tract secondary to biliary obstruction. Delayed diagnosis and treatment may lead to sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction, and death. This literature review aims to summarize the anatomy and physiology of the biliary system, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, severity assessment, and emergency management of acute cholangitis in adults based on the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18). The review was conducted through the analysis of scientific articles, international clinical guidelines, and relevant medical textbooks. According to TG18, diagnosis is established using three categories: systemic inflammation, cholestasis, and imaging findings, while severity is classified into Grade I, II, or III to guide treatment decisions. Initial management includes hemodynamic stabilization, fluid resuscitation, blood culture collection followed by early empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics, appropriate laboratory and imaging evaluation, and timely biliary drainage, preferably by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Early diagnosis, accurate severity assessment, effective infection control, and prompt relief of biliary obstruction are essential to improving clinical outcomes. Consistent implementation of TG18 supports systematic emergency management and reduces complications and mortality in adult patients with acute cholangitis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Isnaeni Robiah Aldawiyah, Nugroho Budi Santoso, Rika Bur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Studi Fenomenologi: Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan dan Penggunaan IUD pada Ibu Nifas Remaja
Unintended pregnancy among adolescents remains a significant reproductive health concern, affecting physical, psychological, and social well-being and often influenced by sociocultural factors. Postpartum intrauterine device (IUD) insertion is a long-acting reversible contraceptive method intended to prevent rapid repeat pregnancies; however, the lived experiences of adolescent postpartum IUD users remain underexplored. This case study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the psychological impact and reproductive well-being of a adolescent postpartum IUD user with a history of unintended pregnancy at one of the community health centers in Semarang city, Indonesia. This study employed a qualitative approach using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, complemented by a review of medical records and family planning counseling documents. Data analysis involved repeated reading of transcripts, identification of emergent themes, and interpretative exploration of the participant’s lived experiences. Five major themes emerged from the analysis: (1) inadequate reproductive health knowledge as a primary contributor to unintended pregnancy; (2) the influence of parental and environmental factors on adolescent unintended pregnancy; (3) loss of access to administrative and social protection due to the prevailing culture of shame surrounding adolescent pregnancy; (4) increased vulnerability to postpartum blues among adolescents experiencing unintended pregnancy; and (5) insufficient understanding of IUD contraception leading to discomfort and challenges in its use. The findings highlight the importance of comprehensive reproductive health education, family involvement, psychosocial support, and effective contraceptive counseling to improve reproductive well-being and contraceptive experiences among adolescents with unintended pregnancies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ade Tasya Rosalina, Anjali Fisalafi Shomad, Rinda Sari, Anis Ardiyanti, Wahyu Cholid Nugroho Sakti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Antara Kepatuhan Kontrol dan Minum Obat Pasien Diabates Melitus Tipe II dengan Kejadian Komplikasi di Rumah Sakit Aura Syifa Kediri
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by impaired glucose metabolism resulting from insulin resistance or relative insulin deficiency. It is one of the major global health problems and can lead to various serious complications if not managed properly. Complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and diabetic ulcers frequently occur as a consequence of inadequate blood glucose control, which is strongly influenced by patients' adherence to medication and routine follow-up visits. This study aimed to determine the relationship between medication adherence, follow-up adherence, and the occurrence of complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Aura Syifa Hospital, Kediri. This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 35 patients were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test. The results revealed a significant relationship between medication adherence and the occurrence of complications (p < 0.002), as well as between follow-up adherence and complications (p = 0.027). These findings indicate that patients who are non-adherent to medication and routine follow-up are at a higher risk of developing complications. Therefore, strengthening patient education, supervision, and adherence monitoring systems is essential in healthcare services to prevent disease progression and reduce the incidence of complications. This study is expected to serve as a basis for developing educational interventions and primary healthcare policies aimed at improving the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jordanio Viari Palallo, Febtarini Rahmawati, Stephani Linggawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Penerapan Pursed-Lip Breathing terhadap Penurunan Nyeri dan Sesak Napas pada Pasien Post Thorakotomy: Laporan Kasus Asuhan Keperawatan
Thoracotomy is a thoracic surgical procedure that often causes acute pain and impaired breathing patterns due to chest wall incision, tissue manipulation, chest drainage placement, and limited lung expansion. These conditions restrict deep breathing, effective coughing, and mobilization, thereby delaying respiratory recovery. Pursed-lip breathing (PLB) is a simple non-pharmacological nursing intervention that may reduce dyspnea and improve patient comfort. This case report aimed to describe the application of PLB in reducing pain and dyspnea in a post-thoracotomy patient. Nursing care was provided for 3 × 24 hours to one post-thoracotomy patient in the Teratai Ward of Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Regional Hospital, Purwokerto. Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examination, vital sign monitoring, pain assessment, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, breath sound evaluation, and medical records. Interventions included PLB, pain management, semi-Fowler positioning, oxygenation monitoring, collaborative analgesic administration, and infection prevention. Before the intervention, the patient experienced postoperative chest pain with a pain score of 7/10, dyspnea, a respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute, shallow breathing, nasal flaring, crackles, and oxygen saturation of 98% while receiving oxygen at 4 L/minute via nasal cannula. On the second day, the pain score decreased to 5/10, dyspnea improved, respiratory rate decreased to 20 breaths/minute, oxygen saturation increased to 99%, and nasal flaring resolved. By the third day, the pain score further decreased to 4/10, dyspnea resolved, respiratory rate remained 20 breaths/minute, and oxygen saturation was 98% without supplemental oxygen. These findings suggest that pursed-lip breathing may serve as an effective complementary nursing intervention to reduce pain and dyspnea in post-thoracotomy patients.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adelia Mei Saputri, Tri Sumarni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Pemberian Aromaterapi Kapulaga (Cardamom Essential) terhadap Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting pada Pasien Pasca Spinal Anestesi
Background: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is a common complication following surgery, particularly in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Cardamom aromatherapy is a non-pharmacological intervention that is believed to have antiemetic and relaxation effects. Objective: To determine the effect of cardamom aromatherapy on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest–posttest design involving 60 respondents selected using purposive sampling (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group). The experimental group received cardamom aromatherapy, while the control group received standard care. PONV was assessed using the Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching (RINVR). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests. Results: The mean PONV score in the experimental group decreased from 2.53 to 1.93 (p<0.001), while the control group decreased from 2.30 to 2.00 (p=0.003). The between-group comparison showed no statistically significant difference (p=0.305). Conclusion: Cardamom aromatherapy was not more effective than standard care in reducing PONV among patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Future studies should evaluate the concentration, duration, and timing of aromatherapy administration and control factors influencing PONV to obtain more optimal outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Delvara Atika Djohan, Tophan Heri Wibowo, Suci Khasanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II di Puskesmas RI Sidomulyo Kota Pekanbaru Tahun 2026
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that requires lifelong treatment. Medication adherence plays an important role in achieving optimal glycemic control and preventing complications. Knowledge and family support are considered factors that may influence medication adherence. Objective: To determine the relationship between knowledge about diabetes mellitus and family support with medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at RI Sidomulyo Public Health Center, Pekanbaru City, in 2026. Methods: This analytic observational study employed a cross-sectional design involving 40 respondents selected through accidental sampling. Data were collected using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ-24), Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale (HDFSS), and Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5). Data were analyzed using the Fisher exact test with a significance level of 95% (α = 0.05). Results: Most respondents had fair to poor knowledge (77.5%), fair to poor family support (55.0%), and high medication adherence (85.0%). Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between knowledge and medication adherence (p = 0.115) or between family support and medication adherence (p = 0.673). Conclusion: Knowledge about diabetes mellitus and family support were not significantly associated with medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arnila Melina, Mohd. Bhukkar Adil Sjam, Indrawan Indrawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Kejadian Bullying pada Remaja: Analisis Peran Dukungan Keluarga, Teman Sebaya, dan Lingkungan Sekolah
Bullying is a major public health issue that negatively affects adolescents’ physical, psychological, and social well-being, as well as their academic achievement. Bullying behavior is influenced by various interrelated factors, particularly family support, peer influence, and the school environment. However, empirical evidence regarding the relationship between these factors and bullying among adolescents in Kerinci Regency remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between family support, peer influence, and the school environment and the incidence of bullying among students at SMAN 5 Kerinci Regency in 2025. This study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive-analytic design and a cross-sectional study. The research was conducted on November 24, 2025, involving all 74 twelfth-grade students as the study population, with the total population sampling technique applied. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed through univariate analysis using frequency distributions and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test. The results showed that 79.7% of respondents had experienced bullying, 55.4% reported high family support, 58.1% experienced strong peer influence, and 62.2% perceived the school environment as highly conducive. Significant relationships were found between family support (p<0.003), peer influence (p<0.002), and the school environment (p=0.013) and the incidence of bullying. Therefore, schools and guidance and counseling teachers are expected to strengthen anti-bullying education programs to promote positive behavior and prevent bullying.
Copyright (c) 2026 Weni Sartiwi, Indah Komala Sari, Abdur Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Asimetri Massa Otot Ekstremitas Bawah sebagai Faktor Risiko Cedera Muskuloskeletal pada Dewasa Muda Pelaku Latihan Gym Rekreasional: Sebuah Evidence-Based Case Report
Inter-limb muscle mass asymmetry is a meaningful difference in muscle mass between the right and left limbs that may disturb movement biomechanics and increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury. We report a 30-year-old woman with grade I obesity (body fat 40.2%) who had trained at the gym independently without supervision for more than six months. Body composition assessment revealed lower-extremity muscle mass asymmetry (segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis: right limb 7.3 kg vs left 6.9 kg; 5.5% difference) accompanied by a 15.1% handgrip strength asymmetry. The clinical question was whether the detected lower-extremity muscle mass asymmetry constitutes a risk factor for musculoskeletal injury in physically active young adults. A systematic search following the PRISMA flow across three databases yielded four prognostic studies, critically appraised using the CEBM Oxford Prognosis Worksheet. The evidence indicates that inter-limb asymmetry is associated with an increased risk of non-contact lower-extremity injury, amplified by obesity and low aerobic capacity. Unilateral resistance training with volume bias toward the weaker limb effectively reduced the asymmetry. Early detection and correction are preventive against injury.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ryan Maika Sanjaya, Nani Cahyani Sudarsono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Faktor Sosial Ekonomi dan Akses Layanan Kesehatan Gigi di Indonesia: Kajian Literatur Sistematis
Dental and oral health problems remain highly prevalent in Indonesia, yet the utilization of dental health services among affected populations stays considerably low, indicating a persistent gap in access. This study aims to identify and synthesize empirical evidence on how socioeconomic factors influence access to dental health services in Indonesia. A qualitative library research approach was employed through a systematic literature review, drawing on fifteen national journal articles published between 2020 and 2026, retrieved from Garuda, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. The synthesis reveals that socioeconomic factors operate across multiple layers, including household income, education, and oral health literacy at the individual level, disparities in dental workforce and facility distribution at the regional level, and limited effectiveness of health insurance in guaranteeing substantive access. The findings further indicate that inadequate dental health access generates considerable macroeconomic losses through medical costs and reduced labor productivity, a dimension rarely addressed in prior studies. These results imply that improving dental health access in Indonesia requires policies that simultaneously target household level economic constraints and structural inequalities in health service provision, positioning the issue within a broader development economics framework rather than treating it solely as a public health concern.
Copyright (c) 2026 Efi Rusdiana, Marisa Yesika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan antara Status Fisik ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) dengan Waktu Pulih Sadar pada Pasien Pasca Anestesi Umum di RSUD dr. R. Goeteng Taroenadibrata Purbalingga
General anesthesia is an anesthetic procedure that causes loss of consciousness during surgery. One of the indicators of successful general anesthesia is the patient's recovery time of consciousness. Recovery time can be influenced by various factors, one of which is the ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status. The higher the ASA physical status, the more complex the patient's systemic condition, which may delay the recovery of consciousness. This study aimed to determine the relationship between ASA physical status and recovery time in patients undergoing general anesthesia at dr. R. Goeteng Taroenadibrata Regional Hospital, Purbalingga. This study employed a quantitative method with a correlational analytic design using a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 151 respondents selected through consecutive sampling. Data were collected using medical records, observation sheets, and the Modified Aldrete Score. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank test. The results showed that most patients with ASA I physical status experienced normal recovery time, whereas most patients with ASA II physical status and all patients with ASA III physical status experienced delayed recovery time. The Spearman Rank test revealed a p-value of 0.000 and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.790, indicating a significant relationship with a strong correlation between ASA physical status and recovery time. The higher the patient's ASA physical status, the longer the recovery time. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between ASA physical status and recovery time in patients undergoing general anesthesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sofwa Salsabila At-Tamua, Wilis Sukmaningtyas, Feti Kumala Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gambaran Saturasi Oksigen Perianestesi pada Pasien Perokok dengan General Anestesi Inhalasi di RSUD Dr. R. Goeteng Taroenadibrata Purbalingga
Smoking habits can affect the respiratory system and oxygenation process due to exposure to harmful substances in cigarette smoke. This condition may influence oxygen saturation levels in patients undergoing inhalational general anesthesia during the perianesthetic period. This study aims to describe perianesthetic oxygen saturation in smoking patients undergoing inhalational general anesthesia at Dr. R. Goeteng Taroenadibrata Regional Hospital, Purbalingga. This research used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 44 respondents selected through consecutive sampling. Data were collected by observing oxygen saturation levels during the pre-anesthetic, intra-anesthetic, and post-anesthetic phases and analyzed descriptively using mean, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation values. The results showed that the mean oxygen saturation in the pre-anesthetic phase was 97.51%, 97.52%, and 96.44% in light, moderate, and heavy smokers, respectively. During the intra-anesthetic phase, the values were 98.46%, 98.42%, and 97.66%, while in the post-anesthetic phase they were 97.90%, 97.81%, and 97.11%. Overall, oxygen saturation remained within the normal range, although heavy smokers showed lower mean oxygen saturation levels compared with other smoking groups.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bayu Rezky, Martyarini Budi Setyawati, Arlyana Hikmanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Efektivitas Kombinasi Terapi Musik, PMR, dan Rendam Kaki Jahe Merah pada Penderita Hipertensi di Kelurahan Sungai Bilu
Hypertension is one of the most common non-communicable diseases and remains a major health problem in Sungai Bilu RT 02, East Banjarmasin District, Banjarmasin City. Based on community assessment data, hypertension had the highest prevalence, affecting 98 individuals (43.28%). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a combination of music therapy, Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), and red ginger warm water foot soak therapy in reducing blood pressure among hypertensive patients. A quantitative approach with a Pre-Experimental One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design was employed. The study involved 10 respondents selected through purposive sampling with blood pressure criteria of ≥140/90 mmHg. The intervention was conducted for four consecutive days using relaxation music therapy, PMR, and red ginger foot soak therapy. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed that all respondents experienced a decrease in blood pressure after the intervention. Before the intervention, respondents were categorized as having mild hypertension (40%), moderate hypertension (30%), and severe hypertension (30%). After the intervention, no respondents remained in the severe hypertension category. The Wilcoxon test yielded a Z value of -2.236 and a p-value of 0.025 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between pre-test and post-test blood pressure measurements. In addition, respondents reported feeling more relaxed and comfortable, with reduced complaints of dizziness and sleep disturbances. In conclusion, the combination of music therapy, PMR, and red ginger foot soak therapy is effective as a non-pharmacological intervention for reducing blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Basit, Noryasmin Noryasmin, Wahdatun Nisa, Dilla Futri Ramadhani, Siti Aisyah, Mita Aulia, Hamsudin Ramadani, Yesa Septia Trianjani, Krisdayanti Krisdayanti, Mahlianor Amelia, Wiliam Aan, Muhammad Ridha Ansyari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gambaran Kadar Hormon Tiroid (FT4 dan TSH) Serta Kejadian Takikardia pada Pasien Hipertiroid Dewasa
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of the hormone thyroxine, causing the body's metabolism to accelerate. Diagnosis is established through physical examinations and blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels, specifically Free Thyroxine (FT4) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). This condition can lead to cardiovascular disorders such as rapid heart rate (tachycardia), palpitations and the risk of arrhythmia. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of thyroid hormone levels (FT4 and TSH) and the incidence of tachycardia in adult hyperthyroid patients. This was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of all 50 hyperthyroid patients, selected using a total sampling technique. The data collection instrument utilized observation sheets. This research was conducted at Pertamedika Ummi Rosnati Hospital from March 1 to April 30, 2026. Data analysis involved calculating the percentage and frequency of each research variable. The results showed that the incidence of tachycardia accounted for 31 respondents (62.0%), while a normal pulse rate was found in 19 respondents (38.0%). High FT4 thyroid hormone levels were observed in 38 respondents (76.0%), and normal levels in 12 respondents (24.0%). Low TSH thyroid hormone levels were found in 43 respondents (86.0%), and normal levels in 7 respondents (14.0%). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the majority of hyperthyroid patients experienced tachycardia, elevated FT4 levels, and decreased TSH levels.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bianca Ferty Feryona, Eko Siswanto, Abdul Wahab https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Skrining Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Kuli Manggis terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis
While growing antimicrobial resistance encourages the search for plant-derived antibacterial alternatives, Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common skin commensal that can turn into an opportunistic pathogen, especially in device-associated illnesses. The purpose of this work was to determine secondary metabolite groups and assess the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) peel ethanol extract's in vitro antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis. The disc diffusion approach was used in a laboratory experiment with a post-test only control group. The extract was made by macerating 96% ethanol, and it was evaluated at 10%, 20%, and 40% concentrations using sterile distilled water and 30 µg of chloramphenicol as positive and negative controls. Terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins were assessed by phytochemical screening. Each group underwent three separate tests. Duncan's multiple range test was used after one-way ANOVA to examine inhibition-zone diameters. For each of the four metabolite categories, the extract tested positive. At 10%, 20%, and 40% doses, the mean inhibition zones were 14.75, 16.16, and 16.99 mm, respectively. The three extract concentrations were categorized within the same Duncan subgroup and did not differ significantly, although overall group differences were significant (p < 0.001). These results show in vitro growth inhibition and encourage more thorough quantitative phytochemical analysis and the identification of minimum bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuni Rahmayanti, Julinar Julinar, Silvia Khalilah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Penata Anestesi tentang Manajemen Nyeri di Wilayah Rumah Sakit Kabupaten Banyumas
Pain management is an essential component of perioperative care that contributes to patient comfort, the success of anesthetic procedures, and the quality and safety of healthcare services. Effective pain management can reduce postoperative complications, accelerate recovery, support early mobilization, and improve patient satisfaction. Anesthesia practitioners play an important role in assessing, monitoring, and implementing appropriate pain management strategies; therefore, adequate knowledge of pain physiology, pain assessment, and evidence-based management approaches is required. This study aimed to describe the level of knowledge regarding pain management among anesthesia practitioners working in operating rooms. A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted to assess respondents’ knowledge at a specific time. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering pain concepts, pain physiology, pain assessment methods, pharmacological and non-pharmacological management strategies, and the role of anesthesia practitioners in perioperative pain management. Data analysis was performed using descriptive univariate statistics and presented as frequency distributions and percentages to describe respondent characteristics and knowledge levels regarding pain management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cut Zakiah Salsabila, Rahmaya Nova Handayani, Danang Tri Yudono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Penerapan Pijat Oksitosin untuk Melancarkan Produksi Asi pada Pasien Post Sectio Caesarea di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto
Cesarean section is a surgical procedure performed to deliver a baby through abdominal and uterine incisions. Mothers after cesarean section often experience delayed breast milk production due to postoperative pain, limited mobility, stress, anxiety, and the effects of anesthesia, which may interfere with the early initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. These conditions can reduce maternal confidence and negatively affect exclusive breastfeeding practices. Oxytocin massage is a non-pharmacological nursing intervention that stimulates the release of oxytocin, enhances the milk ejection reflex, promotes relaxation, and improves breast milk flow. This case study aimed to describe the implementation of oxytocin massage in increasing breast milk production in a post-cesarean section patient. The subject was Mrs. S, a 36-year-old woman who underwent a cesarean section and was treated at RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. Oxytocin massage was performed for approximately 5 minutes before expressing breast milk during the nursing care period. Breast milk production was observed and documented daily. The results showed that expressed breast milk increased from 1 cc on the first day to 2 cc on the second day after the intervention. These findings suggest that oxytocin massage may be an effective, safe, and simple nursing intervention to support breastfeeding and enhance breast milk production in post-cesarean section mothers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lutfiana Eka Bimayanti, Ema Wahyu Ningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gambaran Karakteristik Pasien dan Waktu Pulih Sadar pada Pasien Pasca General Anestesi di RSUD dr. R. Goeteng Taroenadibrata Purbalingga
Recovery of awareness is an important indicator of patient safety after general anesthesia. Delayed recovery may increase postoperative complications and prolong the patient’s stay in the Recovery Room. Several patient-related factors, including age, gender, duration of surgery, ASA physical status, and airway management method, may influence recovery time. This study aimed to describe patient characteristics and recovery of consciousness after general anesthesia at dr. R. Goeteng Taroenadibrata Hospital, Purbalingga. A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted involving 152 postoperative patients selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation sheets, monitoring devices, and timers, then analyzed using univariate descriptive analysis. The results showed that most patients were adults (67.1%), female (63.2%), underwent moderate-duration surgery (57.9%), had ASA Physical Status I (49.3%), and used Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) for airway management (71.7%). A total of 65.1% of patients regained consciousness within 15 minutes after anesthesia, with faster recovery observed among adults, females, moderate-duration surgery patients, and ASA I patients. In conclusion, most patients experienced rapid recovery of consciousness after general anesthesia, with these characteristics associated with faster postoperative recovery.
Copyright (c) 2026 Komang Ayu Sukmawati, Tophan Heri Wibowo, Wilis Sukmaningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Keperawatan Anestesiologi tentang Komunikasi Situation, Background, Assesment, Recommendation (SBAR) pada Pasien Pascaanestesi
Effective communication is an essential factor in improving patient safety, particularly among post-anesthesia patients. One of the communication methods recommended in healthcare settings is the Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (SBAR) framework. This study aimed to describe the level of knowledge of anesthesiology nursing students regarding SBAR communication for post-anesthesia patients at Universitas Harapan Bangsa. The research employed a quantitative cross-sectional design. A total of 122 respondents were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected through a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability and were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a good level of knowledge (92 students; 75.4%), followed by a fair level (28 students; 23.0%) and a poor level (2 students; 1.6%). A good level of knowledge was more frequently observed among female respondents, students aged 20 years, and those from Class D. Overall, anesthesiology nursing students demonstrated a good level of knowledge regarding SBAR communication for post-anesthesia patients. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining and strengthening SBAR communication training to support patient safety and improve the quality of anesthesiology nursing care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggi Meli Yani, Wilis Sukmaningtyas, Arni Nur Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Karakteristik Kadar Hemoglobin Awal pada Pasien Perdarahan Saluran Cerna Akut
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding is a mediacal emergency that may rapidly reduce Acute gastrointestinal bleeding is a medical emergency that may rapidly reduce circulating red blood cell mass and hemoglobin concentration, thereby compromising tissue oxygen delivery. Initial hemoglobin measurement is routinely used to support risk stratification, determine the need for transfusion, and guide early management, although the value obtained at presentation may be influenced by the timing of bleeding and intravascular fluid shifts. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of initial hemoglobin levels among patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding treated at Meuraxa Regional General Hospital, Banda Aceh. A quantitative descriptive study with a retrospective design was conducted using medical records of adult inpatients diagnosed with acute upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding from January to December 2025. Total sampling was applied, and 83 records meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analysed using univariate descriptive statistics. Most patients were older adults (54.2%) and female (53.0%). Upper gastrointestinal bleeding accounted for 83.1% of cases, whereas lower gastrointestinal bleeding accounted for 16.9%. The mean initial hemoglobin level was 9.29 ± 2.12 g/dL, with a median of 9.6 g/dL and a range of 4.1-12.8 g/dL. Moderate anemia was the most frequent category (48.2%), followed by mild anemia (25.3%) and severe anemia (24.1%); only 2.4% of patients were not anemic. These findings indicate that most patients presented with anemia and low initial hemoglobin levels. Initial hemoglobin assesment should be interpreted together with hemodynamic status and clinical presentation to support timely triage, monitoring, and therapeutic decision-making.
Copyright (c) 2026 Edy Cahyady, Shella Widya Gani, Ainil Musfiratul Waliyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Tatalaksana Komprehensif Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder
Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) is a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder characterized by a persistent delay of the major sleep period relative to socially desired sleep and wake times. DSM-5 classifies it as delayed sleep phase type (307.45; G47.21), and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders lists it as a distinct entity. DSPD is the most frequent circadian disorder, accounting for about 83% of cases, with a prevalence of 0.17% in the general population, 1% to 16% among adolescents and young adults, and 6.7% to 16% among patients attending sleep clinics for insomnia. Its etiology is multifactorial, comprising a phase delay of circadian markers, a longer intrinsic circadian period, an abnormal phase angle of entrainment, slower accumulation of homeostatic sleep drive, and altered responsiveness to photic zeitgebers, together with genetic vulnerability and behavioral, cognitive, and emotional factors. Patients present with chronic sleep-onset insomnia when sleep is attempted at conventional hours, difficulty awakening, and excessive daytime sleepiness, whereas sleep quality is essentially normal when they follow their own schedule. Diagnosis is clinical and is supported by a prospective sleep diary, actigraphy, and circadian phase markers such as dim light melatonin onset. Management is multimodal, comprising sleep hygiene education, chronotherapy, timed morning bright light with avoidance of evening light, and exogenous melatonin, which advances endogenous melatonin onset and sleep onset and shortens sleep-onset latency. Prognosis depends on adherence and psychiatric comorbidity; early detection and management of comorbidity are essential to prevent academic, occupational, and psychosocial impairment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ridho Akbar Syafwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Personal Hygiene Genitalia sebagai Benteng Utama Pencegahan Sifilis pada Kelompok Berisiko Tinggi dalam Perspektif Kedokteran Preventif
Syphilis remains a significant public health problem, particularly among high-risk populations. Preventive efforts have largely focused on medical interventions, while the role of genital personal hygiene as a behavioral preventive strategy has received limited attention. Proper genital hygiene plays a crucial role in maintaining mucosal integrity and reducing vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between reproductive health knowledge and genital personal hygiene practices as a preventive measure against syphilis among high-risk populations from a preventive medicine perspective. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among individuals belonging to high-risk groups for sexually transmitted infections. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing reproductive health knowledge and genital personal hygiene practices. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed to examine the association between knowledge level and hygiene practices. The findings revealed considerable variation in genital personal hygiene practices, with a substantial proportion of respondents demonstrating moderate to poor hygiene behaviors. A statistically significant association was found between reproductive health knowledge and genital hygiene practices, indicating that higher knowledge levels were associated with better hygiene behaviors. Genital personal hygiene plays a pivotal role as a core component of preventive medicine in reducing the risk of syphilis among high-risk populations. Strengthening reproductive health education with an emphasis on genital hygiene practices is essential to support sustainable prevention strategies for sexually transmitted infections.
Copyright (c) 2026 Humairani Putri, Hervina Hervina, Dian Erisyawanty, Munauwarus Sarirah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Persepsi Orang Tua terhadap Gejala Gangguan Perilaku (Conduct Disorder) pada Siswa Siswi SD Negeri 4 Banda Aceh
Conduct disorder is a common behavioral disorder among school-age children, and parental perception may influence recognition and management of symptoms. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between parental perception and conduct disorder symptoms among students at SD Negeri 4 Banda Aceh. A quantitative cross-sectional design involved 104 parents of students in grades I–V, selected through total sampling from 264 parents. Parental perception was assessed using a 10-item questionnaire, while conduct disorder symptoms were measured using the Conduct Problems subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Data were analyzed using the Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact Test because chi-square assumptions were not met. Results showed that 88.5% of parents had a positive perception of conduct disorder symptoms, while 76.0% of students were classified as normal on the Conduct Problems subscale. Statistical analysis yielded p = 0.328 (p > 0.05), indicating no significant relationship between parental perception and conduct disorder symptoms. Abnormal symptoms were more prevalent among children whose parents had negative perceptions (25.0%) than positive perceptions (10.9%). These findings suggest that conduct disorder symptoms may involve factors beyond parental perception and support multi-informant screening involving teachers and children.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cut Nyak Dian, ⁠Siti Nurhaliza, Yuni Rahmayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Uji Efektivitas Anxiolytic Ekstrak Teh Hijau (Camellia Sinensis) terhadap Tikus Model Kecemasan Dengan Metode Elevated Plus Maze
Introduction: Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is known for its anxiolytic benefits derived from L-theanine, EGCG, and caffeine, which influence neurotransmitters like GABA and dopamine and enhance alpha brain wave activity. Methods: This experimental study employed a post-test only with control group design. The subjects were 27 male Wistar rats induced with anxiety using the Forced Swim Test. Treatment was administered with green tea extract at a dose of 3.6 mg/kgBW. Anxiety levels were measured using the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) method, focusing on the duration spent in open arms. Statistical analysis was conducted using One-Way ANOVA, followed by post-hoc Tukey tests to identify significant differences between groups. Results: The treatment group showed an average time in open arms of 114.22 seconds, approaching the positive control (fluoxetine ) at 117.67 seconds, and higher than the negative control (Placebo) at 90.33 seconds. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences among treatment groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Green tea extract demonstrated significant anxiolytic effects in reducing anxiety in a rat model.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Fiqri Maulana Harahap, Ilham Hariaji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum Basilicum L) terhadap Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Prolanis dengan Hipertensi di Klinik Iman
Introduction: Hypertension is the leading cause of preventable cardiovascular diseases worldwide. This condition is often reffered to as the "silent killer" because it slowly damages the heart, blood vessels, and other organs without showing obvious symptoms. Basil leaves contain flavonoids that show the capacity to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzymes, basil leaves also contain magnesium which has an antioxidant effect in preventing hypertension by reducing vascular damage due to oxidative stress. Objective: To analyze the effect of basil leaf extract (Ocimum basilicum L) on blood pressure in Prolanis patients with hypertension at IMAN Clinic.Methods: This type of study is a quantitative research using a quasi-experimental design "pre and post test without control group design". 28 samples were given capsules containing 550 mg of basil leaf extract, with a dose administered 2 times a day for 30 days.Results: Basil leaf extract could lower systolic blood pressure by 6 mmHg p=0,018 (p<0.05) while diastolic blood pressure was 6.07 mmHg p=0,000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Consumption of basil leaf extract (Ocimum basilicum L) significantly lowered systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ferrel Rauf Sukatendel, Shahrul Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0