Efektivitas Vaksin Varicella dalam Mencegah Komplikasi Varicella: Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrike.v5i2.10317Keywords:
Breakthrough Varicella, Complications, Immunization, Vaccine Effectiveness, Varicella VaccineAbstract
Varicella is an infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and has a high transmission rate, particularly among children who lack immunity. Although it is generally mild, varicella can cause complications such as secondary bacterial infections, pneumonia, neurological disorders, hematological abnormalities, and other organ complications. This literature review aimed to analyze and summarize scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of varicella vaccination in preventing infection, reducing disease severity, and lowering the risk of varicella complications. This study employed a literature review method by examining 20 previous studies published between 2021 and 2025. The reviewed literature included randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, retrospective observational studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, time-series analyses, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The results showed that varicella vaccination is effective in preventing infection and reducing disease severity. The two-dose regimen consistently provided higher protection than a single dose, with effectiveness exceeding 90% in several studies. Vaccination was also associated with reduced cases of breakthrough varicella, disease severity, hospitalization, and benefits through community immunity. Vaccine effectiveness was influenced by the number of doses, age and timing of vaccination, interval since vaccination, and population characteristics. In addition, various studies demonstrated high immunogenicity and a favorable safety profile. In conclusion, optimizing the two-dose vaccination regimen and increasing immunization coverage are important strategies for preventing complications and reducing the burden of varicella.
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